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Host and Defense COPY > B Cells: Development - German 2017 - From Cutler > Flashcards

B Cells: Development - German 2017 - From Cutler Flashcards

1
Q

T/F B cells are stockpiled an not constantly replaced

A

False-B cells are not stockpiled and constantly replaced

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2
Q

What is the Phase one in the B Cell life?

A

-Generation of diverse and clonally expressed B-cell receptors in bone marrow

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3
Q

What is Phase 2 in the B cell life?

A

-Alteration, elimination or inactivation of B-Cell receptors that bind to components of the human body (negative selection)

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4
Q

What is Phase 3 in the B cell life?

A

-(occurs in the bone marrow and periphery) Promotion of a fraction of immature B cells to become mature B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues (Positive selection)

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5
Q

What is Phase 4 in the B cell life?

A

-Recirculation of mature B cells between lymph, blood, and secondary lymphoid tissues (searching for infection)

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6
Q

What is Phase 5 in the B cell life?

A

-Activation and clonal expansion of B cells by pathogen derived antigens in secondary lymphoid tissues

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7
Q

What is Phase 6 in the B cell life?

A

-Differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells in secondary lymphoid tissue (Attacking infection)

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8
Q

What is the half life of a B-cell once it matures?

A

-50-100 days

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9
Q

Where does phase 1-3.5 happen in the B cell life? Where does Phase 3.5 to Phase 6 occur in the B cell life?

A

Bone marrow

-Periphery

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10
Q

What class of antibody is an immature B cell?

A

-IgM (1st)-IgD (2nd)

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11
Q

When you have an antigen activated B lymphoblast what occurs next?

A

-Isotype switching that leads to antibody-secreting plasma cells-Clonal expansion

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12
Q

What is the first stage in B cell development that you get rearrangement of the heavy chain?

A

-Early pro-B cell

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13
Q

What two things occur in the Pro-B cell stages that are involved in rearrangement

A
  • Junctional Diversity

- Genetic Recombination

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14
Q

What is the checkpoint between the Pro B cell and the Pre B cell?

A

-A Functional heavy chain

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15
Q

What is the checkpoint between the pre B cells and immature B cell?

A

-Functional light chain

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16
Q

What chain is rearranged in the pre B-cell stage?

A

-Light chain

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17
Q

Stromal cells express adhesion molecules and growth factors. What is the role of the stromal cell in B cell development?

A

They check to see if B cells are properly progressing through development and cause them to die if they are not

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18
Q

T/F B cell receptor expression does not change with progression through developmental stages

A

False-It changes with progression

thus the stromal cell checks those changes

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19
Q

If you don’t produce a functional heavy chain (pro-B cell) what happens to the B cell?

A

-It dies

20
Q

What events happen during the Early Pro-B cell? Which chromosomes inside the B cell are active during this time?

A
  • RAG proteins are activated
  • Heavy Chain D and J segments are joined
  • Both chromosomes are active
21
Q

What events happen during the Late pro-B cell regarding the heavy chain?

A

-Heavy chain D and J segments joined

22
Q

T/F In the early pro-B cell the rearrangement occurs on both chromosomes

A

True

23
Q

T/F Pre-B Cell Receptor signaling causes the transition from Pro to Pre B cell

A

True

24
Q

What does the VDJ rearrangement signals the start of what?

A

-Pre-B cell receptor

25
Q

Where is the Pre-BCR expressed?

A

-ER

26
Q

What does the Pre-BCR allow the heavy chain to do?

A

-interact to the Ig-Alpha and Ig-Beta

27
Q

When the heavy chain interacts with what, does it pass a checkpoint clearance?

A

-Ig-Beta

28
Q

When you have Ig-Beta signaling you have three things that occur, What are they?

A

-Turns off RAG proteins-Initiates cell division-Allelic exclusion

29
Q

What is allelic exclusion?

A

-It is when a functional heavy chain is produced by only one chromosome

30
Q

What does the Late pro-B cell become?

A

-Large pre-B cell

31
Q

What is responsible for initiating light chain rearrangement?

A

-Pre-B cells

32
Q

When you go from the Large pre-B cell to the small pre-B cell what occurs?

A
  • Cell division
  • RAG genes reactivated so the light chain can be created
  • Unique recombination
33
Q

How many recombination attempts are possible per chromosome in the light chain?

A

-4-5

34
Q

What are the two types of chromosome genes on the light chain?

A

-Lambda-Kappa

35
Q

After you have the heavy chain and light chain rearrangement what must you have to not experience apoptosis?

A

-A B-cell receptor via (Ig alpha and Ig Beta)

36
Q

If an immature B-cell doesn’t react with a self antigen what happens?

A

-It is released into the blood

37
Q

What are the two types of tolerance of B-cells

A
  • Central tolerance (occurs in the Bone marrow)

- Peripheral tolerance (occurs outside the bone marrow)

38
Q

What are the three fates of a B cell that bound self cells?

A
  • Light Chain reorganization to try and become functional
  • Apoptosis
  • Anergy (Still alive but shut down all signaling and activating process)
39
Q

Where do B-cells mature?

A

-Secondary lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph nodes, GALTS)

40
Q

What two chemokines attract B cells into the lymph node?

A

-CCL 21-CCL 19

41
Q

Interactions with what cells drives the maturation of immature B cells?

A

-Follicular dendritic cells

42
Q

What two things are involved in positive selection for a B cell?

A
  • Lymph node localization

- BAFF signaling

43
Q

Where are B cells activated?

A

-Lymphoid tissues

44
Q

When the B cell interacts with T cells and becomes activated what occurs?

A

-Migration, secondary lymphoid follicle formation, and clonal expansion

45
Q

What occurs in the Germinal centers?

A

-Plasma cell production and antibody secretion

46
Q

What do Dysfunctional B cell developments cause?

A

-Cancers

47
Q

Through what vessel do B cells enter secondary lymphoid tissue?

A

HEV - High endothelial venule

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