B&K_P.010

Question 1

‘10.1
1
स्थाणुवत् (adv.)

Answer 1

Acc. sg. n. From स्थाणुवन्त् , ‘like a stump’
\
स्थाणु m. (or n. gaRa ardharcādi-) a stump, stem, trunk, stake, post, pile, pillar (also as symbol of motionlessness)

Question 2

‘10.2
1
√ईह् I ईहते

Answer 2

cl.1 A1. īhate-, īhāṃ-cakre-, īhiṣyate-, īhitum-, rarely P. īhati-, etc., to endeavour to obtain ; to aim at, attempt ; to long for, desire ; to take care of ; to have in mind, think of (with accusative) : Causal īhayati-, to impel.
\
(वृत्तिम् ईहेत = ‘would long for employment from (+ abl)’ (?))

Question 3

‘10.3
1
कृपण mf(/ā-; ī- gaRa bahv-ādi-)n.

Answer 3

कृपण mf(/ā-; ī- gaRa bahv-ādi-)n. (gaṇa-s śreṇyādi-and sukhādi- ) inclined to grieve, pitiable, miserable, poor, wretched, feeble

Question 4

‘10.3
1
परुषाक्षर (adj.)

Answer 4

परुष mf(ā-)n. piercing, keen, sharp, violent, harsh, severe, unkind ( paruṣam am- ind.)
\
परुषाक्षर mfn. “harsh-worded”, harsh ( paruṣākṣaram am- ind.)
\
CF. Vṛddhi FORM pāruṣyam पारुष्यम् [परुषस्य भावः ष्यञ्] 1 Roughness, ruggedness, hardness. -2 Harshness, cruelty, unkindness (as of disposition). -3 Abusive language, abuse, reproach, scurrilous language, insult; Bg.16.4; Y.2.12,72; हिंसा तदभिमानेन दण्ड्यपारुष्ययोर्यथा । वैषम्यमिह भूतानां ममाहमिति पार्थिव ॥ Bhāg.7.1.23. -4 Violence (in word or deed); Ms.7.48,51;8.6,72. -5 The garden of Indra. -6 Aloe-wood. -ष्यः An epithet of Brihaspati.

Question 5

‘10.5
1
विश्राम m.

Answer 5

विश्राम m. rest, repose, relaxation, calm, tranquillity

Question 6

‘10.6
1
अर्कवत् (adv.)

Answer 6

‘like an अर्क m.’
the plant Calotropis Gigantea (the larger leaves are used for sacrificial ceremonies; see arka-kośī-, -parṇ/a-, palaś/a-,etc. below) etc., a religious ceremony (see arkāśvamedha-below)
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To be avoided (in spite of its fruits and flowers) either because it affords no shade or has other dangerous properties.

NB THIS SAME WORD ALSO MEANS, sun, sunbeam, etc.

Question 7

‘10.7
1
मुख्यमन्त्रिन् (m.)

Answer 7

‘a king’s chief minister’ <=

मुख्य + मन्त्रिन् m. a king’s counsellor, minister

Question 8

‘10.8
1
प्रतीहार (m.)

Answer 8

प्रतीहार m. = प्रतिहार m. = ‘door-keeper”
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प्रतीहार m. (in most meanings) equals prati-hāra-, q.v
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प्रतिहार m. (that which keeps back), a door, gate (also pratī-h- ; see compound below) ; प्रतिहार m. a door-keeper, porter etc. (also pratī-h-; dual number two door-keeper id est two statues at the entrance of a temple ;f(ī-).a female door-keeper, portress, )

Question 9

‘10.10
1
निर्विकल्प (adj)
(here निर्विकल्पम् as adverb)

Answer 9

निर्विकल्प mfn. (or pana- ) not admitting an alternative, free from change or differences,

निर्विकल्प mfn. admitting no doubt, not wavering
\
निर्विकल्पम् ind. without hesitation or reflection

Question 10

‘10.10
1
कृत्यं कृत्यविचक्षणः करोति

Answer 10

‘does what needs to be done, having (clearly) discerned what (really) needs to be done’

Question 11

‘3.21
1
वित्त (n.)

Answer 11

(vitta(m)) => n. (in later language also plural) ‘acquisition, wealth, property, goods, substance, money, power’

Question 12

‘10.11
1
सुपात्र n.

Answer 12

सुपात्र n. a very fit or worthy person (especially to receive gifts)

Question 13

‘10.13
1
सार्धम् ind.

Answer 13

सार्धम् ind. jointly, together, along with, with (instrumental case or compound;with ā-dā-,”to take with one”)

Question 14

‘10.14
1
कलत्र n.

Answer 14

कलत्र n. a wife, consort etc.

कलत्र n. the female of an animal

कलत्र n. the hip and loins

कलत्र n. pudendum muliebre
कलत्र n. a royal citadel, a stronghold or fastness

Question 15

‘10.15
1
संमत (adj.)

Answer 15

FROM सम् + √मन् IV ATM. मन्यते : HENCE…
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सम्मत mfn. thinking together, being of the same opinion, agreed, consented or assented to, concurred in, approved by (genitive case or compound); सम्मत mfn. (in fine compositi or ‘at the end of a compound’) agreeing with; सम्मत mfn. thought, supposed, considered or regarded as (Nominal verb); सम्मत mfn. thought highly of, esteemed, renowned, celebrated, highly honoured by (genitive case); सम्मत mfn. allowed, authorized (See a-sammata-)
\
saṃmata संमत p. p. 1 Agreed or consented to, approved of; बार्ह्लीकः सोमदत्तिश्च ये चान्ये वृद्धसंमताः Mb.3.249.15. -2 Liked, dear, beloved; द्वेष्यो$पि संमतः शिष्टस्तस्यार्तस्य यथौषधम् R.1.28. -3 Like, resembing. -4 Regarded, considered, thought. -5 Highly respected, honoured, esteemed; संमतो$हं प्रभोर्नित्यमिति मत्वा Pt.1.56. -6 Full of (युक्त, सहित); वाक्यं शौटीर्यसंमतम् Mb.9.55.44. -तम् 1 Agreement. -2 Consent, approval; see संमति. -3 Impression, opinion.

Question 16

‘10.16
1
मर्यादा f.

Answer 16

मर्यादा f. the bounds or limits of morality and propriety, rule or custom, distinct law or definition
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CF. सीमन् f. or n. a boundary, border, bounds, limit, margin, frontier (literally and figuratively); a separation or parting of the hair so as to leave a line

Question 17

‘10.17
1
द्वेषिद्वेषपर (adj.)

Answer 17

‘most hostile to enemies (of the king)’, LIT. ‘having hatred of enemies as one’s highest goal or chief characteristic’, ‘enemy-hatred-upmost-ed’
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पर mf(ā-)n. better or worse than, superior or inferior to, best or worst, highest, supreme, chief (in the Comparative degree meanings [where also -tara-],with ablative,rarely genitive case or in fine compositi or ‘at the end of a compound’;exceptionally paraṃ śatam-,more than a hundred literally”an excessive hundred, a hundred with a surplus” ; parāḥ koṭayaḥ- )

Question 18

‘10.19
1
॰आभा f. (ifc)

Answer 18

See WG # 1302.1
आभा f. in fine compositi or ‘at the end of a compound’ like, resembling, appearing (exempli gratia, ‘for example’ hemābha-,shining like gold) ; ([ confer, compare Hibernian or Irish avibh,”likeness, similitude”;avibe,”neatness, elegance”;avibhcal,”a spark of fire”?])

Question 19

‘10.19
1
यमदूताभ (adj)

Answer 19

‘like or as the messenger of Death’

Question 20

‘10.19
1
हाला f.

Answer 20

हाला f. spirituous liquor (a provincial term according to to )

Question 21

‘10.19
1
हालाहल (m.n.)

Answer 21

हालाहल m. a panic. poisonous plant (the seed of which is said to resemble a cow’s teat)
हालाहल n. (rarely m.) , a deadly poison prepared from the roots of the above plant according to to and produced at she churning of the ocean (see halāhala-)

Question 22

‘10.20
1
वृथाकार (m.)

Answer 22

वृथाकार (thāk-) m. a false form, empty show (others”one whose form is vain or illusory”)
<== वृथा (adv.) + आकार m.
\
‘a painted marionette, a lifeless puppet’ (said of the king’s wife or wives)

Question 23

‘4.15
1
हर्म्य (n.)

Answer 23

‘a stronghold or prison’ but here apparently = ‘safe, strongbox’ for keeping money
\
Here at 10.22 it seems to mean the king’s ‘harem’ – and in fact this word हर्म्य (हर्म्यम् ) seems to be the source of our word ‘harem’.

Question 24

‘10.27

X ऽ । ऽ ऽ । । ऽ । ऽ ऽ

Answer 24

METER:
Indravajrā and Upendravajrā (Upajāti)
Indravajrā and upendravajrā refer to two variants of a triṣṭubh-type meter with 11 syllables per line, and hence 44 syllables in total. They differ only in that the indravajrā has a heavy syllable at the beginning of the pattern, while the upendravajrā has a light syllable.
The pattern is:
X ऽ । ऽ ऽ । । ऽ । ऽ ऽ
No rules are generally given for the position of the word-break (yati), but it generally falls after the fourth or fifth syllable, as in the Vedic triṣṭubh.

Question 25

'10.27 1 अपाय (m.) ॰संदर्शनज

Answer 25

apāya m. departure; issue, end; decay; harm, detriment, danger; diminution; trespass; +-samdarsana-ja, a. arising from the manifestation of futile means.

Question 26

'10.27 1 विपत्ति f.

Answer 26

विपत्ति f. going wrongly, adversity, misfortune, failure, disaster (opp. to sam-patt/i-) etc.

Question 27

'10.27 1 उपाय (m.) ॰संदर्शनज

Answer 27

upāya m. approach; means; ex pedient, stratagem, device, craft: in. or -tas, cleverly, craftily; -kintâ, f. devising an ex pedient; -gña, a. fertile in resources; +-sam darsana-ga, a. arising from the manifestation of successful means.

Question 28

'10.01 1 अपि स्थाणुवदासीनः शुष्यन्परिगतः क्षुधा । न त्वेवानात्मसम्पन्नाद्वृत्तिमीहेत पण्डितः ॥ ४९ ॥

Answer 28

अपि स्थाणुवदासीनः शुष्यन्परिगतः क्षुधा । न त्वेवानात्मसम्पन्नाद्वृत्तिमीहेत पण्डितः ॥ ५०॥ api sthāṇuvad āsīnaḥ śuṣyan parigataḥ kṣudhā | na tv ajñānātma-sampannād vṛttim īhate paṇḍitaḥ || 49 ||

Question 29

'10.01 1 अनात्मसंपन्न mfn.

Answer 29

अनात्मसंपन्न mfn. SEEMS TO MEAN 'a man (king) endowed with stupidity' OR MAYBE 'obtained from a stupid man' \ संपन्न p. p. 1 Prosperous, thriving, rich. -2 Fortunate, succesful; happy. -3 Effected, brought about, accomplished. -4 Finished, completed. -5 Perfect. -6 Full-grown, mature. -7 Procured, obtained. -8 Right, correct. -9 Endowed with, possessed of. -1 Turned out, become; ईदृशः संपन्नः U.3. -11 Perfectly acquainted or conversant with. -12 The enquiry in वृद्धिश्राद्ध; (meaning 'satisfied?'); पित्र्ये स्वदितमित्येव वाच्यं गोष्ठे तु सुश्रुतम् । संपन्नमित्यभ्युदये दैवे रुचितमित्यपि ॥ Ms.3.254. -न्नः An epithet of Śiva. -न्नम् 1 Riches, wealth; संभाव्यं गोषु संपन्नम् Pt.4.115. -2 A dainty, delicacy.

Question 30

'10.01 58 द्यूत m.n.

Answer 30

Gita Chapter 10 – Verse 36 « » द्यूतं छलयतामस्मि तेजस्तेजस्विनामहम् । जयोऽस्मि व्यवसायोऽस्मि सत्त्वं सत्त्ववतामहम् ॥ १०-३६॥ \\\ द्यूतः तम् [दिव्-भावे-क्त-ऊठ् अर्धर्चा˚] 1 Play, gambling, playing with dice; द्यूतं हि नाम पुरुषस्यासिंहासनं राज्यम् Mk.2; द्रव्यं लब्धं द्यूतेनैव दारा मित्रं द्यूतेनैव । दत्तं भुक्तं द्यूतेनैव सर्वं नष्टं द्यूतेनैव 2.7; अप्राणिभिर्यत् क्रियते तल्लोके द्यूतमुज्यते Ms.9.223. -2 (fig.) A battle, fight; Mb. 3. -3 The prize won; Mb.9. -Comp. -अधिकारिन् m. the keeper of a gamblinghouse. -करः, -कृत् m. a gamester, a gambler; अयं द्यूतकरः सभिकेन खलीक्रियते Mk.2. -कारः, -कारकः 1 the keeper of a gambling house. -2 a gambler. -क्रीडा playing at dice, gambling. -धर्मः the laws concerning gambling; Ms 9.22. -पूर्णिमा, -पौर्णिमा the day of full moon in the month of Āśvina (also called कोजागर) when people spend their time in games of chance in honour of Lakṣmī, the goddess of wealth. -प्रतिपद् f. the first day of the bright half of Kārtika (usually spent in gambling). -बीजम् a cowrie, a shell used in playing. -मण्डलम् 1 a gambling house; गमनं परिकर्षं च कृष्णाया द्यूतमण्डले Mb.2.79.32. -2 a circle drawn round a gambler (to make him play); cf. द्यूतकर- मण्डली; Mk.2.6-7. -लेखकः, -कम् a gambling bill or one who marks the score at gambling; cf. Mk.2.19-2. -वृत्तिः 1 professional gambler; मित्रधृग् द्यूतवृत्तिश्च पुत्राचार्य- स्तथैव च Ms.3.16. -2 the keeper of a gambling-house. Ms.3.16. -सभा, -समाजः 1 a gambling-house. -2 an assembly of gamblers.

Question 31

'10.01 61 अपायसंदर्शनजां विपत्तिमुपायसंदर्शनजां च सिद्धिम्‌ । मेधाविनो नीतिगुणप्रयुक्तां पुरः स्फुरन्तीमिव दर्शयन्ति ॥६१॥

Answer 31

अपायसंदर्शनजां विपत्तिमुपायसंदर्शनजां च सिद्धिम्‌ । मेधाविनो नीतिगुणप्रयुक्तां पुरः स्फुरन्तीमिव दर्शयन्ति ॥६१॥ 'Wise men show (explain) in the presence (before) (the king) in a clear way (so as for it to be clear), as it were, the disaster arising from bad policy and the success arising from good policy joined with the quality of proper conduct.'