B1.2 Protiens

Question 1

what are Proteins

Answer 1

Proteins are polymers (and macromolecules) made of monomers called amino acids

Question 2

what determines a Proteins shape and therefore its function

Answer 2

The sequence, type and number of the amino acids within a protein

Question 3

why are Proteins extremely important in cells and examples of protiens

Answer 3

all of the reactions necessary for life are dependent on the function of proteins

• Enzymes
• Cell membrane proteins (e.g. carrier)
• Hormones
• Transport proteins (e.g. haemoglobin)
• Structural proteins (e.g. keratin, collagen)
• Contractile proteins (e.g. myosin)
  oteins

Question 4

what are Amino acids

Answer 4

monomers of polypeptides

Question 5

how many amino acids found in polypeptides common to all living organisms

Answer 5

There are 20 amino acids found in polypeptides common to all living organisms

Question 6

The general structure of all amino acids

Answer 6

central carbon atom, the alpha carbon, bonded to:

An amine/amino group -NH2
A carboxylic acid/carboxyl group -COOH
A hydrogen atom
R group

Question 7

what is the r group

Answer 7

a side chain specific to each amino acid that gives particular chemical properties to that amino acid

Question 8

how is a Peptide bond formed

Answer 8

condensation reaction of 2 amino acids resulting in the production of H2O

Question 9

what is a condensation reaction

Answer 9

when two aminos combine to produce water

Question 10

Dipeptides

Answer 10

formed by the condensation of two amino acids

Question 11

alpha carbon

Answer 11

connects amine groups with carboxylic group as well as R group and a hydrogen

Question 12

polar amino

Answer 12

polar if there is either an OH or NH in the R chain

Question 13

non polar amino acid

Answer 13

No OH or NH in the r chain

Question 14

essential amino

Answer 14

an amino acid that our body can’t produce so we need to consume

Question 15

non essential

Answer 15

what our body produces and doesn’t need to consume

Question 16

how to calculate amino acids

Answer 16

20^x

Question 17

oligopeptide

Answer 17

2-20 amino acids

Question 18

polypeptide

Answer 18

more than 10 amino acids

Question 19

tripeptide

Answer 19

condensation reaction between dipeptide and amino acids results in tripeptide

peptides of three amino acid residues

Question 20

peptide linkage

Answer 20

a covalent bonding of the amino group of one amino acid to one of the carboxyl group of another

Question 21

Role of proteins

Answer 21

versatile

some examples -
Speeding up cellular reactions
blood clotting
cell adhesion
hormones
cell receptions

Question 22

what is insulin

Answer 22

A hormone produced and secreted by cells in the pancreas

Question 23

primary structure of a protein

Answer 23

chains of amino acid

Question 24

secondary structure of a protein

Answer 24

helix formed by amino chains

Question 25

tertiary structure of a protein

Answer 25

polypeptide chain

Question 26

quaternary structure of a protein

Answer 26

assembled structures

Question 27

denaturations

Answer 27

when protiens start to break apart and become undone due to changes in temp and PH

Question 28

how can heat cause denaturations

Answer 28

causes vibrations between the molecule that can break intermolecular bonds or interactions

Question 29

examples of polypeptides

Answer 29

insulin beta endorphin alpha amylase titin

Question 30

what does insulin bind to

Answer 30

Binds to insulin receptors (on liver, fat and muscle cells) causing absorption of glucose from the blood

Question 31

what is insulin composed off

Answer 31

Composed of 2 polypeptide chains as a short, globular protein