Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology IB YR12-13 > B3.1 Gas Exchange > Flashcards

B3.1 Gas Exchange Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

how does gas exchange occur

A

through diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gas exchange

A

exchange of respiratory gases between/organisms and the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

challanges of gas exchange

A
  • surface area to volume ratio decreases with size increase
  • surface area is large in relation to amount of cytoplasm
  • most cells are too far from surface to recieve enough oxygen by diffusion
  • increased metabolic rate and demand for oxygen is high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

properties of gas exchange surfaces

A

permeability
thin tissue layer
moisture
large surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

permeability

A

to allow gases across

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

thin tissue layer

A

to make shortest distance for diffusion as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

moisture

A

gases dissolve in moisture, helping them to pass across gas - exchange surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

large surface area

A

for large quantities of gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

concentration gradient

A

the different in concentration of a substance between one area and another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

steeper the gradient

A

faster the diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why does gradient need to be maintained

A

allows O2 to diffuse into the body and Co2 to go out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are the gradients maintained

A

dense network of blood vessels which provide large surface area

continuous blood flow carrying away O2 and CO2 to surface

Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lungs

A

organ where gas exchange occurs

thin, large, moist surface area
are in a protected position in thorax so air has to be brought to surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

thorax

A

upper part of body separated from the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ventilation system

A

moves air into and out of lungs efficiently and maintains concentration gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

blood circulation system

A

moves O2 to cells as soon as it crosses surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

respiratory pigment

A

increases O2 carrying ability of blood

haemoglobin in RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Intercoastal muscles

A

between ribs involved in ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diaphragm

A

sheet of tissues largely muscle, separating thorax from abdomen in mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pleural membrane

A

lines lungs and thorax cavity
secretes pleural fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Trachea

A

windpipe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

bronchus

A

tube connecting trachea with lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bronchiole

A

small terminal branch of a bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

alveolus

A

air sac in lung
walls supported by rings of cartilage preventing collapse due to change in pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
pleural fluid
lubricating liquid protecting lungs from friction
26
alveoli adaptation
elastic connective tissue as apart of their walls small size and large number large surface are for gas exchange
27
capillary system in alveoli
wraps around alveoli and provides a large surface area for diffusion of O2 and CO2 connected to pulmonary vein and artery supplied with blood
28
surfactant role
lines inner surface of alveoli secreted by cells and reduces surface tension allowing alveoli to flex easily
29
where does gas exchange occur
alveoli
30
how does gas exchange occur in alveoli
goes into RBC and combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
31
on inspiration action alveoli
volume of thorax increases walls of alveolus and terminal bronchiole are stretched in air is drawn in
32
on expiration action alveoli
volume of thorax decreases alveolus and terminal bronchiole revert to resting size, due to recoil of elastic fibres air is expelled out
33
how effective are mammalian lungs
air flow is tidal - enters and leaves by the same route residual volume that cant be expelled incoming air mixes with and dilutes the air
34
Ventilation of lungs
air drawn into alveoli when air pressure in the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure air forced out when pressure is higher in lungs than atmospheric pressure
35
inspiration steps
- external intercoastal muscles contract - internal relax - diaphragm contracts and moves down - ribs move upwards and downward
36
expiration steps
- external intercoastal muscles relax - internal contract - diaphragm relax and moves up - ribs move downward and inward
37
measurement of lung volume
spirometer plastic lid over a tank that rises and falls while breathing
38
tidal volume
typically 400-500 cm3 volume of air normally exchanged in breathing have potential for an extra large intake and an extra large expiration of air
39
inspiratory reserve
different between the max inspiratory level and tidal volume
40
expiratory reserve
different between the maximum expiratory level and tidal volume
41
vital capacity
total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhilation
42
VC
TC+IRV+ERV
43
Ventilation rate
number of inhalations or exhalations per minute
44
epidermis
outer layer
45
mesophyll tissue
parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts
46
vascular tissue
xylem and phloem of plants
47
vascular bundle
strands of xylem and phloem separated by cambium the site of water and food movements up and down the stem
48
palisade mesophyll
cells containing many chloroplasts found beneath the upper epidermis in leaves
49
spongy mesophyll
rounded cells in the leaves that are loosely packed, creating air spaces where air circulates, providing a large surface area for gas exchange
50
stomata
pore in epidermis of a leaf, surrounded by 2 guard cells
51
turgid
where vacuoles of a plant cell is full of water, pushing the cell membrane against the cell wall
52
flaccid
plant cell that has become soft and less rigid than normal because the cytoplasm with cells has shrunk and contracted away from cell walls through water loss
53
adaptations of leaf for gas exchange
waxy cuticle epidermis air spaces spongy mesophyll stomatal guard cells veins
54
waxy cuticle adaptation
impermiable barrier so gases and water vapour go through stomata water loss reduced
55
epidermis adaptation
contain stomata for gas exchange - reduce water loss
56
air spaces adaptation
allow gases to circulate - maintains concentration gradients
57
spongy mesophyll adaptation
large surface area for gas exchange
58
stomatal guard cells adaptation
open and close to control gas exchange and water loss
59
veins adaptations
carry water to leaves which is then lost through stomata required for photosynthesis
60
Transpiration
evaporation of water from the spongy mesophyll tissue and subsequent diffusion through stomata
61
factors affecting rate of transpiration
temperature humidity wind light intensity
62
temperature affecting rate of transpiration
increase in kinetic energy and faster diffusion increased temp = increased transpiration
63
humidity affecting rate of transpiration
high humidity slows transpiration
64
wind affecting rate of transpiration
sweeps away water vapour on stomata increasing concentration of water
65
light intensity affecting rate of transpiration
stomata tend to open in light and cause loss of water vapour
66
stomatal density
leaf cast to determine

Biology IB YR12-13 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions