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Dealing with Threats > Bacteriology: Enterobacterales > Flashcards

Bacteriology: Enterobacterales Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

How do you interpret gram negative cocci in a gram stain?

A

you either messed up, there was some other change in cell wall, or the organism stained was not a pathogen

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2
Q

Which G- rods are oxidase negative?

A

E.coli
Salmonella
Yersinia
Klebsiella
Proteus

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3
Q

What are the main hosts of Escherichia coli?

A

all animal, birds, fish, etc

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4
Q

What major diseases does E.coli cause?

A

enteritis, septicemia, cystitis, pyometra, osteomyelitis, mastitis

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5
Q

Who are the main hosts of salmonella?

A

all animals, birds, reptiles, insects

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6
Q

What major diseases does salmonella cause?

A

Enteritis, septicemia, abortion

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7
Q

Who are the main hosts of Yersinia?

A

ruminants, cats, humans

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8
Q

What major diseases does Yersinia cause?

A

Plague, Enteritis (dysentery)

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9
Q

Who are the main hosts of Klebsiella?

A

Dogs, cows, horses, mink

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10
Q

What are the major diseases that Klebsiella causes?

A

Pneumonia, mastitis, endometritis, wound infections

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11
Q

Who are the main hosts of Proteus?

A

dogs, other species

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12
Q

What major diseases does Proteus cause?

A

cystitis, otitis externa, wound infections

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13
Q

What are the oxygen requirements of enterobacterales?

A

facultative anaerobes

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14
Q

Are enterobacterales oxidase positive or negative?

A

negative

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15
Q

Some enterobacterales are hemolytic except proteus, as they _____

A

swarm

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16
Q

What two plates do enterobacterales grow on?

A

MacConkey
Blood agar

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17
Q

Enterobacterales can be divided into 2 groups based on lactose fermentation. Which are positive and which are negative?

A

positive - e.coli, klebsiella
negative - proteus, salmonella, yersinia

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18
Q

Of the enterobacterales, which are considered good pathogens? What does this mean?

A

E. coli, salmonella, yersinia
require little host compromise and only a need a few bacteria to cause disease

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19
Q

Where do E.coli come from?

A

Normal flora from most vertebrates in the lower ileum and large intestine and survive well in environment from forming coliforms

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20
Q

How is E.coli transmitted?

A

mostly feco-oral but could be inhalation, direct inoculation, ascending infection

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21
Q

What are examples of ascending infection?

Study These Flashcards
A

cystitis, pyometra, transient in urogenital tract

22
Q

Explain the significance of E.coli and virulence. What are some specific virulence factors?

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A

not all strains are pathogenic
virulence factors act by
attachment (fimbrae)
avoiding phagocytosis (capsule)
cellular effects (hemolysin and CNF)
systemic effects (endotoxin)

23
Q

HWhat does the contribution of the virulence factor of E.coli depend on?

Study These Flashcards
A

site of infection

24
Q

Explain how E.coli has been incriminated to have caused infectious disease in virtually every tissue and organ system

Study These Flashcards
A

opportunistic pathogen

25
How do you diagnose e.coli?
collect samples from sterile site and apply 4 point rule
26
How do you treat E.coli infections?
there are multiple drug resistant strains so need to do an antibiotic susceptibility test Ancillary treatment is also necessary
27
Explain different methods of ancillary therapies
surgery/drainage/debridement fluid therapy anti-endotoxin therapies
28
How do you name Salmonella?
Genus + serotype
29
Where does Salmonella come from?
NOT NORMAL FLORA Carrier animals Environment
30
How is Salmonella transmitted?
feco-oral animal species carriers such as reptiles, cattle, horses recrudescence of carrier
31
How is Salmonella able to avoid phagocytosis and cause disease?
facultative intracellular parasite
32
What are the 3 main clinical syndromes that Salmonella causes?
enteritis, septicemia,
33
How are non-enteric Salmonella infections diagnosed?
collect sample from sterile site
34
Where does Yersinia come from?
Yersinia pestis - wild rodents are the reservoir
35
What life cycle is important pertaining to Yersinia?
flea-rodent-flea
36
How is Yersinia capable of causing disease
facultative intracellular parasite
37
What are the two main types of Non-enteric Yersinia?
Y pestis Y pseduotuberculosis
38
What does Y pseudotuberculosis cause?
sporadic abortion in ruminants more severe dx including septicemia
39
What disease does Y pestis cause?
Black death - plague
40
What species does the Plague effect mostly?
humans and cats
41
What are the 3 types of the Plague?
bubonic (LN) Pneumonic (lung) Septicemic (systemic)
42
What clinical signs are seen in cats with the Plague?
severe depression fever enlarged peripheral LN
43
How do you diagnose Y.pestis infections?
WITH CAUTION send aspirates of pus, blood, LNs to specialized lab report to PH PCR
44
How do you treat Y. pestis?
usually euthanasia but can use long course of antibiotics and need complete and total isolation for duration of treatment - treat cat for fleas immediately and lance/flush buboes (LN)
45
What species of Klebsiella is the most commonly isolated in animals?
K. pneumoniae
46
Where does Klebsiella come from?
NF saprophye - sawdust
47
What specific diseases does Klebsiella cause?
pneumonia, cystitis, mastitis, endometritis, navel ill, nosocomial infection
48
What two species of Proteus are the most commonly isolated from infections in animals?
P. mirabalis P. vulgaris
49
Where does Proteus come from?
NF Saprophytes
50
What specific diseases does Proteus cause?
cytstits, otitis externa, prostatitis, wound infections
51
How do you diagnose Klebsiella and Proteus infections?
isolation from sterile sites using aseptic techniques, apply 4 point rule, repeated cultures if necessary of Proteus

Dealing with Threats (27 decks)

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