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Dealing with Threats > Virology 4: DNA Viruses > Flashcards

Virology 4: DNA Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main types of herpesviridae

A

alphaherpesvirinae, beta, gamma

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2
Q

What is the approximate size range of herpes viruses

A

200-250 nm in diameter

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3
Q

Is herpes virus DNA or RNA? Double or single stranded?

A

Double stranded DNA

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4
Q

How does herpes virus enter cells?

A

by fusing with cell membrane

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5
Q

Where does herpes virus replicate?

A

In nucleus of host cells

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6
Q

What is herpes virus seen histologically as?

A

intranuclear inclusion bodies

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7
Q

Herpes virus becomes latent in _______
What does this mean?

A

sensory ganglia
animals will be subclinically infected and clinical disease manifests in times of stress

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8
Q

In latent infection when does disease manifest?

A

During times of stress

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9
Q

What is meant by herpes virus being labile in environment?

A

needs close contact for transmission

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10
Q

For labile viruses such as herpes what is an effective control method?

A

quarantine

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11
Q

What type of cells do alpha herpesvirus infect?

A

epithelial or endothelial cells such as skin, mm, tracheal mucosa, liver, brain

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12
Q

What does active infection of alpha herpes virus lead to?

A

Cell death such as ulcers, erosions, hepatocellular necrosis, vasculitis

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13
Q

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 is a type of _________

A

alphaherpesvirinae

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14
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of Bovine Herpesvirus 1

A

BHV 1.1, 1.2 (1.2a, 1.2b)

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15
Q

What does BHV1.1 affect?

A

respiratory (IBR) and reproductive (abortion)

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16
Q

What is BHV 1.2 affect?

A

Genital (infectious pustular valvovaginitis)

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17
Q

Which causes abortions, BHV 1.2a or 1.2b

A

1.2a

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18
Q

How is BHV-1 subtype 1.1 transmitted and why?

A

Aerosol transmission (nose-to-nose) as the virus replicates in the mm of the upper respiratory tract and large amounts of virus are shed in nasal secretions

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19
Q

Is BHV-1 subtype 1.1 ever latent? Where? When/does it become reactivated?

A

latent in the trigeminal ganglia and reactivated during times of stress

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20
Q

In BHV-1, 1.1 ___________ develops but _________ can result in severe disease

A

strong immunity
secondary bacterial infections

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21
Q

What is IBR

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

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22
Q

What is reproductive disease pertaining to IBR?

A

viremia in preg cows and infection of fetus resulting in abortion
multifocal hepatic necrosis in fetus with intranuclear inclusions

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23
Q

IBR respiratory disease can predispose bovine to

A

secondary bacterial pneumonia - bovine respiratory disease complex

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24
Q

Equine Herpes virus 1 is part of

A

alphaherpesvirusvirinae

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25
What are the 2 strains of EHV1?
D752 N752
26
What can a single nucleotide change in EHV1 result in?
more severe disease
27
What is EHV1 D752?
Respiratory (rhinopneumonitis)/reproductive (abortion)/neurologic
28
What is EHV1 N752?
respiratory/reproductive/non-neurologic
29
EHV-1 and EHV-4 is
equine rhinopneumonitis
30
Where does equine rhinopneumonitis replicate?
mm of upper respiratory tract and regional lymph nodes
31
Where does equine rhinopneumonitis become latent? When is it reactivated?
trigeminal ganglia time of stress
32
In what ways does equine rhinopneumonitis cause respiratory disease?
Rhinitis tracheitis may extend into lungs especially in small animals
33
In what ways does equine rhinopneumonitis cause reproductive disease?
viremia in preg mares results in abortion EHV-1 has predilection for vascular endothelium resulting in placental vasculitis and thrombosis multifocal hepatic necrosis in fetus with intranuclear inclusions
34
What is equine herpes myeloencephalopathy typically associated with?
D752
35
What does equine herpes myeloencephalopathy follow
outbreak of respiratory disease or abortion on the farm
36
What does equine herpes myeloencephalopathy lead to?
vasculitis, necrosis, and hemorrhage in spinal cord and brain
37
How is canine herpesvirus 1 transmitted?
aerosol or in utero (thru placenta)
38
Where does canine herpesvirus 1 replicate?
mm of upper respiratory tract, pharynx, and tonsils
39
Where does canine herpesvirus 1 become latent and when does it reactivate?
trigeminal ganglia during times of stress
40
Where are large amounts of canine herpesvirus 1 shed?
nasal and vaginal secretions
41
In canine herpesvirus 1, what temperatures is replication most efficient?
below body temp
42
What age are dogs most susceptible to canine herpesvirus
neonatal pups in first 3 weeks of life
43
What happens if dam is infected with canine herpesvirus within 3 weeks of whelping?
puppies will be infected through placenta
44
Canine herpesvirus can infect _______ of the litter
the entirety
45
True or False: Canine herpesvirus causes high morbidity and mortality
True
46
Once a dam develops immunity to Canine herpesvirus what will happen to subsequent litters?
unaffected
47
What post mortem changes will occur in dead puppies whose cause of death was Canine Herpesvirus?
multifocal necrosis in multiple organs and hemorrhage in kidneys with intranuclear inclusions
48
How is Feline herpesvirus 1/Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis transmitted?
aerosol transmission - nose to nose contact since large amounts of virus are shed in nasal secretions
49
Where does Feline Herpesvirus 1 replicate?
in mm of upper respiratory tract and conjunctiva
50
Where does Feline Herpesvirus 1 become latent and when does is it reactivated?
trigeminal ganglia times of stress
51
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis account for __% of respiratory disease in cats
40%
52
Feline viral rhinotracheitis is a(n) _______ upper respiratory tract infection causing what 3 common symptoms?
Acute sneezing, hypersalivation, and conjunctivitis
53
What can feline viral rhinotracheitis lead to?
ulcerative keratitis
54
Secondary bacterial infections caused by feline viral rhinotracheitis can result in
pneumonia
55
What is porcine herpesvirus-1 called in pigs?
Aujeszky's disease
56
Porcine Herpesvirus 1 or Aujeszky's disease in pigs is called ______ in other species
pseudorabies
57
True or False: PHV-1 is the only alphaherpesviruses that can infect other species but is not zoonotic
TRUE
58
How is Aujeszky's disease transmitted?
aerosol - nose-to-nose transmission
59
Where does Aujeszky's disease replicate?
epithelium of oropharynx and tonsils
60
Where does Aujeszky's disease spread?
regional lymph nodes and brain via cranial nerves
61
Where is Aujeszky's disease shed?
nasal secretions, milk, and semen
62
Where does Aujeszky's disease become latent and when is it reactivated?
trigeminal ganglia times of stress
63
Mortality rate of Aujeszky's disease can reach almost _____% in suckling pigs
100%
64
What age does neurologic signs of Aujeszky's disease predominate in?
young pigs
65
What can infection of Aujeszky's disease in sows result in?
abortion with hepatic necrosis and intranuclear inclusions in fetus
66
What does pseudorabies in other species manifest as
severe neurologic disease and pruritis and death within a few days
67
Compare and contrast herpesvirus in cats, dogs, pigs, and horses
cats - not usually associated with abortion dogs - neonatal death pigs - can be transmitted to other species horses - neurologic form infects endothelial cells
68
In which species is herpesvirus NOT associated with abortion?
cats
69
In which species is herpesvirus associated with neonatal death?
dogs
70
In which species can herpesvirus be transmitted to other species?
pig
71
In which species does the neurologic form of herpesvirus infect endothelial cells?
horses
72
What do gammaherpesviruses infect?
lymphocytes
73
What can gammherpesvirus cause?
neoplastic transformation
74
________ produces latent infection in lymphocytes
gammaherpesvirus
75
Malignant Catarrhal Fever is associated with which 3 gammaherpesviruses?
Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2, alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1, and caprine gammaherpesvirus 2
76
Which species are affected by malignant catarrhal fever?
cattle, deer, giraffes, pigs, bison
77
True or False: In Malignant Catarrhal Fever, there is no clinical disease in natural reservoir hosts but severe disease can occur in susceptible hosts
TRUE
78
When do sheep shed Malignant Catarrhal Fever?
during lambing
79
What are some examples of clinical signs in susceptible hosts of Malignant Catarrhal Fever
vasculitis (hemorrhage) primary necrosis of epithelium corneal edema mucopurulent nasal discharge GI and bladder hemorrhage neurologic dx cutaneous dx fatal lymphoproliferative dx

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