Basic Sentence Practice 4

Question 1

Translate to Latin.

The farmer is in the forest.

Answer 1

Agricola in silvā.

in, on - in. Note that silvā is in the Ablative case. This construction is called the Ablative of Place Where – it is used to describe where an action takes place or where a thing is. Think: “Where is the farmer? He is in the forest.”

The Ablative of Place Where takes the preposition in.

Question 2

Translate to Latin.

I wanted to see a horse in the field.

Answer 2

Vidēre equum in ager voluī.

field - ager, agrī (masculine). Note that this noun ends in -er in the Nominative. This is another kind of second declension noun. Be careful with the Genitive case of -er nouns: sometimes, the -e- is dropped, like with ager.

Question 3

Translate to Latin.

A man and a goat are in the field.

Answer 3

Vir caperque in agrō sunt.

man - vir, virī (masculine). To remember this word, think about a modern English derivative: virile (meaning “manly”).

Question 4

What is the Ablative of Place from Which, and what prepositions can you use to form it?

Answer 4

The Ablative of Place from Which is used to show where something is coming from.

ab / ā
“from”

ex / ē
“out of”

dē
“down from”

Question 5

Translate to Latin.

A man walks from the field.

Answer 5

Vir dē agrō ambulat.

from, down from - dē.

Question 6

Translate to Latin.

Sailors fight away from the land.

Answer 6

Nautae pugnant ā terrā.

from, away from - ā, ab.

Question 7

What are the third declension masculine and feminine noun endings?

Answer 7

Question 8

Translate to Latin.

The queen loves the king.

Answer 8

Rēgīna rēgem amat.

king - rēx, rēgis (masculine). Note that this is a third declension noun. The third declension is by far the largest of the five, and also has the most variable forms. Most nouns in the third declension do follow one of numerous patterns for their endings, however. This one follows the pattern -x, -gis.

Question 9

Translate to Latin.

The king’s courage is great.

Answer 9

Virtūs rēgis magna est.

courage - virtūs, virtūtis (feminine).

Be careful, this word can be tricky: It is derived from vir, “man,” but the word itself is feminine (note that magna agrees with it because it ends in -a). Also remember that there is a macron on the u, so it is not a second declension noun.

Question 10

What are the third declension neuter noun endings?

Answer 10

Question 11

Translate to Latin.

His head is big.

Answer 11

Caput suum magnum est.

head - caput, capitis (neuter). Note that this is a third declension noun that follows the pattern -ut, -itis, which is usually neuter.

Question 12

How do you form the Accusative of Place to Which?

Answer 12

ad + Accusative form of destination

Question 13

Translate to Latin.

The woman walked (up) to the queen.

Answer 13

Fēmina ad rēgīnam ambulat.

to walk - ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātus. Note that because the queen is not the indirect object of ambulat, but rather the destination, the Accusative of Place to Which is used.

Question 14

Translate to Latin.

The farmer goes to the field.

Answer 14

Agricola ad agrum it.

Question 15

Translate to Latin.

The queen readies weapons for the farmers.

Answer 15

Rēgīna agricolīs arma parat.

weapons - arma, armōrum (neuter). Note that “weapons” is always plural.

Also note that the gender of this word is “neuter.” This means that the word is not inherently masculine or feminine. Second declension neuter nouns use the same endings as masculine, but with a few changes:

Question 16

What are the third conjugation present tense verb endings?

Answer 16

Question 17

How do you form third conjugation verbs in the present tense?

Answer 17

Drop -ere from the second principle part

Add the correct present tense ending

Note that the third conjugation is special, since the vowel before the -re is also dropped to conjugate the verb.

Question 18

Translate to Latin.

The men defend the king with their weapons.

Answer 18

Virī armīs suīs rēgem dēfendunt.

to defend - dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfensus.

Question 19

Translate to Latin.

The farmers bear arms.

Answer 19

Agricolae arma gerunt.

to wear, bear; to wage - gerō, gerere, gesī, gestus. Note that gerere is a third conjugation verb. The second principle part ending is similar to the second conjugation: -ere. There is no macron in the third conjugation ending.

Question 20

Translate to Latin.

The king wages war.

Answer 20

Rēx bellum gerit.

war - bellum, -ī (neuter).

Question 21

Translate to Latin.

The boy does not want a war.

Answer 21

Puer bellum nōn vult.

boy - puer, puerī (masculine). Compare to puella (girl).

Question 22

Translate to Latin.

The woman walks with the girls.

Answer 22

Fēmina cum puellīs ambulat.

with - cum (+ Ablative). Note that, while word order will normally not affect meaning, it can make some sentences with words like cum become ambiguous:

The woman walks with the girls.
The girls walk with the woman.

Question 23

Translate to Latin.

The farmers fight with (using) weapons.

Answer 23

Agricolae armīs pugnant.

Question 24

Translate to Latin.

The queen wants (there) to be _harmon_y.

Answer 24

Rēgīna esse concordia vult.

harmony - concordia, -ae (feminine).

Question 25

# Translate to Latin. The farmer _drives_ the cart with (using) a horse.

Answer 25

Agricola carrum equō _agit_. ## Footnote to do; to drive; to discuss; to live, spend (time) - *agō, agere, ēgī, actus*. Note that this verb is extremely flexible, and can mean many things. Think about this: do yardwork; do the dishes; do homework; they all use the verb "do" but none of those verbs indicate the same action.

Question 26

# Translate to Latin. (Some) _people_ see a woman in the forest.

Answer 26

_Populī_ fēminam in silvā vident. ## Footnote people - *populus, -ī* (masculine). Note that *populus* can be used in singular or plural to mean different things: in plural, it means "people," as in a group of individuals; in singular, it means "(the) people," like in "The Senate and **People** of Rome."

Question 27

# Translate to Latin. The boy goes _out of_ the house.

Answer 27

Puer ē casā it. ## Footnote out of, out from - *ē, ex*.

Question 28

What is an enclitic syllable?

Answer 28

An enclitic is a single syllable added to the end of a word to give it additional meaning.

Question 29

# Translate to Latin. The queen _and_ the women watch the forest.

Answer 29

Rēgīna et fēminae silvam spectant. OR Rēgīna fēminae_que_ silvam spectant. ## Footnote and - *-que* (enclitic). When a word has *-que* at the end, it is translated as "and \_\_\_," exactly as if the word were preceded by *et*.

Question 30

# Translate to Latin. The farmer wants a cart _or_ a horse.

Answer 30

Agricola carrum _aut_ equum vult. OR Agricola carrum equum_ve_ vult. ## Footnote or - *aut*. or - *-ve* (enclitic). Similar to *-que*, any word with *-ve* added on the end is translated as "or \_\_\_," just like it were preceded by *aut*.

Question 31

# Translate to Latin. Do the women see the queen?

Answer 31

Fēminae rēgīnam vident? OR Fēminae_ne_ rēgīnam vident? ## Footnote Note that the second way is "more correct," since it specifically indicates that the sentence is a question.

Question 32

# Translate to Latin. The island is _big_.

Answer 32

Insula _magna_ est. ## Footnote big, great - *magnus, -a, -um*. Note that this adjective can be used to describe the size of things as well as the quality. *Magnus* is also a famous *cognomen* (honorary name) awarded to (or claimed by) great men, such as *Gnaeus Pompeiius Magnus* - Pompey the Great.

Question 33

# Translate to Latin. The farmer saw _either_ the queen _or_ a woman in the forest.

Answer 33

Agricola _aut_ rēgīnam _aut_ fēminam in silvā spectāvit. ## Footnote To say "either ... or" in Latin, just put *aut* before both options.

Question 34

# Translate to Latin. The girl wants _both_ a horse _and_ an island.

Answer 34

Puella _et_ equum _et_ insulam vult. ## Footnote To say "both ... and" in Latin, just put *et* before both things.

Question 35

# Translate to Latin. She doesn't have a horse, _nor_ (does she have) an island.

Answer 35

Equum nōn habet, _neque_ insulam (habet). ## Footnote nor - *neque*.

Question 36

# Translate to Latin. The farmer has _neither_ horses _nor_ a wagon.

Answer 36

Agricola _neque_ equōs _neque_ carrum habet. ## Footnote To say "neither ... nor" in Latin, just put *neque* before both things.

Question 37

# Translate to Latin. The girls will _never_ have a horse.

Answer 37

Puellae equum _numquam_ habent. ## Footnote never - *numquam*.

Question 38

# Translate to Latin. The man's _guards_ are good.

Answer 38

_Praesidia_ viri bona est. ## Footnote guard, protection - *praesidium, -iī* (neuter). Remember that the Nominative and Accusative plural endingss for second declension are both *-a*, even though it looks like a feminine ending.

Question 39

# Translate to Latin. The _entry hall (foyer)_ of the house is big.

Answer 39

_Atrium_ casae magnum est. ## Footnote entry hall - atrium, -iī (neuter).

Question 40

# Translate to Latin. The _children_ walk to his house.

Answer 40

_Līberī_ ad casam suam ambulant. ## Footnote children - *līberī, -ōrum* (masculine). Note that this noun is always plural. To refer to one child, use either "boy" (*puer*), "girl" (*puella*), or "little one" (*parvulus,* from *parvu*s).

Question 41

# Translate to Latin. The farmer _invited_ the children to the house.

Answer 41

Agricola liberōs casae _vocāvī_. ## Footnote to call, invite - *vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus*.

Question 42

# Translate to Latin. He likes his _duty (job)_.

Answer 42

_Officium_ suum amat. ## Footnote duty, office - *officium, -iī* (neuter).

Question 43

# Translate to Latin. She _lives_ in the queen's house.

Answer 43

Rēgīnae in casā habitat. OR In casā rēgīnae habitat. ## Footnote to live - habitō, habitāre, habitāvī, habitātus. Remember: When there aren't any conflicts with noun cases, word order doesn't affect meaning in Latin. This means you can rearrange words to make a sentence sound better.

Question 44

# Translate to Latin. The children's _speed_ is great.

Answer 44

_Celeritās_ liberōrum magna est. ## Footnote speed - *celeritās, celeritātis* (feminine). Note that this is a third declension noun that follows the pattern *-tās, -tātis*, which is usually feminine.

Question 45

# Translate to Latin. I want to go _home_.

Answer 45

Īre _domī_ vult. ## Footnote home - *domus, -ī* (masculine). Note that *domī* here is in the Locative case. The Locative is used to signify locations, similar to the Ablative of Place Where or Accusative of Place to Which. This is similar to English: you would say "I want to **go home**," not "I want to **go to home**." For first and second declension singular, the Locative is the same as the Genitive singular. For all other nouns and **all** plurals, it is the same as the Ablative case.

Question 46

# Translate to Latin. She is a _beautiful_ woman.

Answer 46

_Pulchra_ fēmina est. ## Footnote beautiful - *pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum*.

Question 47

# Translate to Latin. The _voice_ of the people is great.

Answer 47

_Vox_ populī magna est. ## Footnote voice - *vox, vocis* (feminine). Note that this is a third declension noun that follows the pattern *-x, -cis*. The "*vox populi*" is a common political term that means the "voice of the people," or more generally, whatever it is the people want.

Question 48

# Translate to Latin. The woman invited a _gladiator_ to dinner.

Answer 48

Fēmina _gladiātorem_ cēnae vocāvī. ## Footnote gladiator - *gladiator, gladiatoris* (masculine).

Question 49

# Translate to Latin. Gladiators fight on sand to the _death_.

Answer 49

Gladiātorēs in arēnā pugnant ad _mortem_. ## Footnote death - *mors, mortis, mortium*.