Basic Sentence Practice 2 Flashcards by Julian Fiander

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to be

esse

to be - sum, esse, fuī, — (irregular). Note that esse does not have a fourth principle part like most verbs (you can’t “be been” anything).

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I am a farmer

Agricola sum.

I am - sum (irregular). Note that when using the verb “to be,” there is no “object” in the sentence: instead, what follows the verb in English is called the “Predicate Nominative,” and is declined in the Nominative case. (The Predicate Nominative of this sentence is in bold: “I am a farmer.”)

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You (singular) are new.

Novus es.

You (sg.) are - es (irregular).

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It is a horse.

Equus est.

He/she/it is - est (irregular). Remember that the “object” of “to be” is a Predicate Nominative.

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He is good.

Bonus est.

good - bonus, -a, -um.

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We are good.

Boni sumus.

We are - sumus (irregular).

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You (plural) are women.

Feminae estis.

You (pl.) are - estis (irregular).

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They are small.

Parvi sunt.

They are - sunt (irregular).

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What is the present tense conjugation of the irregular verb esse (“to be”)?

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The students prepare.

Discipulī parant.

student - discipulus, -ī (masculine).

student - discipula, -ae (feminine).

Note that if a group of students contains boys and girls, use the masculine form.

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The queen is good.

Rēgīna bona est.

queen - rēgīna, -ae (feminine).

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The farmer shouts.

Agricola exclāmat.

to shout - exclāmō, exclāmāre, exclāmāvī, exclāmātus.

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Life is good.

Vīta bona est.

life - vīta, -ae (feminine).

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I like to swim.

Natāre amō.

to swim - natō, natāre, natāvī, natātus.

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The queen shouts to the woman.

Regīna feminae exclamat.

The Dative Case: Indirect objects in Latin are expressed by using the Dative case endings. Whenever you want the subject to give something to or do something for the object, use the Dative case, not the Accusative.

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The farmer swims to the queen.

Agricola rēgīnae natat.

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The farmer’s son prepares water for the horses.

Filius agricolae aquam equīs parat.

son - filius, -iī (masculine).

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The queen’s daughter loves the horse.

Filia rēgīnae equum amat.

daughter - filia, -ae (feminine).

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The sailor’s horse is small.

Equus nautae parvus est.

sailor - nauta, -ae (masculine).

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“Where are you, Brutus?”

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“Ubi es, Brute?”

Vocative case: In speech, when addressing a person (or thing) that noun is put in the Vocative case. Normally, the Vocative looks just like the Nominative, but with second declension singular nouns ending in -us, that ending changes to -e, and nouns ending in -ius change to -ī.

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The queen fights for victory.

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Rēgīna victōriae pugnat.

victory - victōria, -ae (feminine). Many English words that end in -y are derived from Latin words that end in -ia (e.g. gloria, luxuria, militaria).

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The farmer fights the horse.

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Agricola equum pugnat.

to fight - pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus.

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We seize the forest.

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Silvam occupāmus.

to seize (i.e. capture) - occupō, occupāre, occupāvī, occupātus.

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The woman prepares dinner.

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Fēmina cēnam parat.

dinner - cēna, -ae (feminine).

What is the Ablative of Means?

The Ablative of Means is a form of the Ablative case that is used to show how (i.e. by what **means**) an action is done. There is no preposition used with the Ablative of Means.

# Translate to Latin. They fight _with a sword_. OR They fight _by means of a sword_.

Pugnant _gladi**ō**_. ## Footnote sword - *gladius, -iī* (masculine). Note that *gladi**ō*** is in the Ablative case, here used as the Ablative of Means. Also note that, for this word, the Genitive case is shown as *-iī --* this is to make sure that the Genitive becomes *gladiī* with a double *i*, not *gladī*, with only one. (It is still a second declension noun.)

What are the first declension noun endings?

What are the second declension noun endings?

# Translate to Latin. _to be able to_

_posse_ ## Footnote to be able - *possum, posse, potui, ---* (irregular). Note that to say, e.g. to be able to swim, conjugate *posse* as necessary, then use the infinitive of the other verb.

# Translate to Latin. _I can_ swim.

Natāre _possum_. ## Footnote I can, am able - *possum* (irregular). Note that to say "I am able to \_\_\_," you **do not** conjugate the verb *esse* ("to be") and combine it with *posse*.

# Translate to Latin. _You (singular) can_ fight.

Pugnāre _potes_. ## Footnote you (sg.) can, are able - *potes* (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. _He can_ praise.

Laudāre _potest_. ## Footnote he/she/it can, is able - *potest* (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. _We can_ swim.

Natāre _possumus_. ## Footnote we can, are able to - *possumus* (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. _You (plural) can_ fight.

Pugnāre _potestis_. ## Footnote you (pl.) can, are able to - *potestis* (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. _They can_ praise.

Laudāre possunt. ## Footnote they can, are able - *possunt* (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. _to go_

_īre_ ## Footnote to go - *eō, īre, iī, ītus* (irregular). Note that the third principle part can also appear as *īvī*.

# Translate to Latin. _I go_.

_Eō_. ## Footnote I go - *eō* (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. _You (singular) go_.

_Īs_. ## Footnote you (sg.) go - īs (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. _He goes_.

It. ## Footnote he/she/it goes - *it* (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. _We go_.

_Īmus_. ## Footnote we go - *īmus* (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. You (plural) go.

Ītis. ## Footnote you (pl.) go - ītis (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. _They go_.

Eunt. ## Footnote they go - *eunt* (irregular).

# Translate to Latin. _My_ horse is good.

Equus _meus_ bonus est. ## Footnote my, mine - *meus, -a, -um*.

# Translate to Latin. The road is _long_.

Via _longa_ est. ## Footnote long - *longus, -a, -um*.

# Translate to Latin. It is _difficult_ to seize.

Occupāre _d**ū**rus_ est. ## Footnote hard, difficult - *d**ū**rus, -a, -um*.

# Translate to Latin. Sailors like small _waves_.

Nautae parvās _undās_ amant. ## Footnote wave - *unda, -ae* (feminine).

# Translate to Latin. My _friend_ fights with a sword.

_Amīcus_ meus gladiō pugnat. ## Footnote friend - *amīcus, -ī* (masculine). friend - *amīca, -ae* (feminine).

# Translate to Latin. You carry water _to me_.

Aquam _mihi_ portās.

Basic Sentence Practice 2 Flashcards

The second deck in our basic Latin sentence practice package. Learn new vocabulary terms, as well as about the essential conjugations of the verb "to be." (48 cards)