BIO - Macromolecules Flashcards
(9 cards)
0
Q
what are nucleotides made of?
A
- phosphate group
- deoxyribose sugar
- nitrogenous base
1
Q
which nitrogenous bases pair with each other?
A
Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine
2
Q
DNA structure
A
- two coiled strands called a double helix
- sides made of sugar deoxyribose bonded to phosphate groups
- center made of nitrogenous bases bonded together by weak hydrogen bonds
- DNA has very fine, small molecules
3
Q
what is complementary base pairing and what does it allow for?
A
complementary base pairing is a unique feature of DNA that allows exact copying of DNA for DNA replication
4
Q
how do the bonds in DNA differ?
A
weak hydrogen bonds between base pairs separate at about 90 degrees and bonds in backbone are strong covalent and don’t break at 90 degrees
5
Q
chromosomes
A
- sections of DNA wrapped around proteins
- contain manny genes which code for the making of a particular polypeptide chain or RNA molecule
- same genes always found in the same location on the same chromosome
- can either be replicated or non-replicated
- all contain different genes
6
Q
diffeerences between DNA and RNA
A
- RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine
- RNA molecule is single stranded while DNA is double stranded
- RNA contains the sugar ribose and DNA contains deoxyribose sugar
7
Q
transcription
A
- process of copying the sequence of one strand of DNA, the template strand (at a specific gene)
- copies of mRNA are made by RNA polymerase of the template strand of DNA
- DNA is not changed. reforms again
8
Q
translation
A
- occurs after transcription
- translation is the process of decoding the mRNA (complementary copy of DNA) into a polypeptide chain
- ribosomes read mRNA three bases or one codon at a time and construct the proteins
-tRNA molecules bring he amino acids to the ribosomes
