PSYCH - Social cognition Flashcards

Question

IMPRESSION FORMATION 3. Non Verbal Communication

Answer 1

Paralinguistic Cues • Variations in speech, rather than the actual words spoken- carries emotion • i.e. inflection & voice pitch

Answer 2

Cognitive schema • We often categorise people into a particular group and then stereotypes that we hold about that group fill in the gaps we don't yet know about the person

Answer 3

* It is about what you do that creates an impression for others * The process by which people attempt to manage the impressions of themselves that they present to others * Everything you do to control the way others see you * We do this consciously and unconsciously * Use it when we meet someone new, job interview, starting at a new school

Answer 4

Self handicapping is an impression management strategy ``` Self-Handicapping refers to actions which serve to handicap our performance in order to build an excuse for anticipated failure • Real • Feigned People with high self esteem • Need to protect their image People with low self esteem • Need to enhance their image ```

Answer 5

Impressions management is a factor that can contribute to potentially dangerous behaviour i.e. Sun-baking to improve physical appearance despite health risks

Answer 6

People’s tendency to make assessments of themselves by comparing themselves to others

Answer 7

Helps build self-image • Meet society’s norms and expectations • Obtain truthful information about ourselves • To feel good about ourselves We are gaining self-knowledge from social comparisons

Answer 8

* compare ourselves with people who we deem to be socially better than us in some way * helps us to improve our abilities – gives us something to aim for * can lead to disappointment if we cannot reach our goals – may feel inadequate or disillusioned

Answer 9

* compare ourselves with people who we deem to be socially worse off than us in some way * makes us feel good about ourselves * boost self esteem

Answer 10

• we compare ourselves with people who we deem to be socially similar to us • makes us feel that we fit into social norms and peer groups • don’t necessarily choose comparative other – i.e. siblings

Answer 11

* Free-response (open-ended) questions or Fixed-response (closed) questions * Subjective data * Quantitative and/or qualitative data

Answer 12

``` • Questionnaires • Surveys • Interviews – Face to face discussions • Rating Scales – Fixed response questions – Indication of agreement-disagreement – Strength of attitude – Likert scale ```

Answer 13

Problem… Social desirability: Participants may gives false or misleading responses to create a favourable impression of themselves

Answer 14

Observe people without their awareness Advantages – Overcome bias of self-report – Unobtrusive Disadvantage – Difficult to measure attitude strength – Behaviour may not reflect attitude

Answer 15

Deception is necessary to overcome- 1. Demand characteristics – participants know how the researchers want or expect them to respond 2. Social desirability – participants respond in ways that they think others would approve of and find socially acceptable

Answer 16

Debriefing has four main goals 1. Opportunity to raise concerns 2. Explain/apologise for deception 3. Discuss purpose and methods of participating 4. Detect/deal with any possible negative and/or long-term effects

Answer 17

In addition to the 5 ethical principles of research- 1. Fairness- to treat people equally and without bias 2. Do no harm- Is it worth the temporary discomfort for a long-term gain in society? 3. Respect for people’s rights and dignity - especially with vulnerable groups

PSYCH - Social cognition Flashcards

(41 cards)