PSYCH - Altered states Flashcards

Question

Circadian system Environmental disruptions 2 Adjusting to night (Shift) work

Answer 1

* Roster rotates forward around the clock is easiest to cope with i.e. morning shift then afternoon then nights then time off or a permanent roster of one type of shift * Helps to have very bright light at work, very dark bedroom and maintain schedule on days off * Install light-blocking shades, unplug the phone, “do not disturb” sign, earplugs, bedroom far from other household activity * Sleep hygiene

Answer 2

Reduced alertness and increased sleepiness results in high risk of accidents.

Answer 3

Biological clock promotes sleepiness in early morning hours midnight – 6am; plus fatigue from poor daytime sleep can cause: • performance errors • fatal traffic accidents • engineering and industrial disasters • major concern for transport drivers, health workers, police, factory workers • Heading home in early morning light makes it hard to sleep • Return to day/night on days off loses the benefit of any circadian adjustments

Answer 4

* Make sleep a priority * Go to sleep as soon as possible after work * Encourage a quiet environment where you sleep * Avoid caffeine prior to sleep; Consume caffeine early in the shift * Work with a buddy * Take short breaks if monotonous work * Do tedious tasks early * Educate managers and shift workers about the dangers of fatigue * Provide vending machines with healthy food choices

Answer 5

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS)  Delayed Circadian Rhythm  Circadian clock is set later thereby develop a delayed circadian rhythm  Go to sleep later than normal  Have trouble waking up at a reasonable hour in the morning  Lack of energy in the morning  Increased energy late at night  Intervention- bright light therapy early in morning

Answer 6

Advanced sleep phase syndrome (ASPS)  Go to sleep earlier than the normal desired time  Wake up earlier than normal  Intervention - bright light therapy early in evening

Answer 7

```  Early Birds ◦ ASPS ◦ Morning person ◦ Go to bed early, get up early  Night Owls • DSPS • Not a morning person • Go to bed late-get up late ```

Answer 8

 Sleep needs - Amount needed on a regular basis for optimal performance  Sleep debt - Accumulated sleep lost (generally less than the desired 8 hours per night)

Answer 9

• Homeostatic drive accumulates in waking hours • Reaches a maximum late in evening • Adenosine (hormone) – Sleep inducing chemical – Blood levels rise when awake increasing desire to sleep – Decreases during sleep reducing need for sleep • Set point for sleep is 8 hours a day - after 16 hours of wakefulness body “demands” 8 hours of sleep

Answer 10

• Sleep deprivation occurs when we do not get the sleep we need to function at an optimal level • Sleep deprivation increases as sleep debt increases • We often underestimate the negative effects of sleep loss on our performance Types: - Complete deprivation (entire days without sleep) - Partial deprivation (get some sleep each 24hrs but not the quality or quantity considered necessary) - Selective deprivation (deprived of REM or SWS sleep)

Answer 11

– Sleep disorders - insomnia, sleep apnea – Excessive worry – Depression – Repeated awakenings – Medication – Illness – Poor sleep hygiene - coffee before going to bed – Sleep environment- Snoring partner, noisy neighbours – Personal - Going to bed late – Work - Shift work – Babies - Keep parents awake

Answer 12

1. Cognitive impairment: Impaired performance in the prefrontal cortex (executive functioning - ability to organise, plan & initiate thoughts & actions) 2. Memory impairment 3. Irritability 4. Impaired moral judgment 5. Decreased reaction time and accuracy 6. Impaired ability to deal with new situations & objects 7. Loss of immune functioning, reduced ability to resist viral infection

Answer 13

A sleep disorder is any long term difficulty with sleep that affects normal daily functioning

Answer 14

``` A chronic loss of quality and the amount of sleep which leads to impaired daytime functioning Patterns: 1. Difficulty falling asleep 2. Difficulty staying asleep 3. Early morning awakening ``` Often associated with elevated cognitive arousal at sleep onset (mind racing)

Answer 15

* Genetic predisposition * Psychological Illness (depression, anxiety) * Medical conditions (asthma, back pain) * Psychological factors (stress and tension that prevents relaxation, poor lifestyle habits such as drinking and smoking, circadian disruptions

Answer 16

1. History of reduced mood – fatigue, tiredness, irritability 2. Reduced cognitive function – loss of motivation, reduced concentration, impaired memory and mental slowness 3. Reduced work performance – decreased productivity & daytime sleepiness 4. Reduced social functioning – reduced social functioning & confidence 5. Health problems (impaired immune system)

Answer 17

1. Bright light therapy (morning) 2. Sleep hygiene 3. Stimulus-Control Therapy – associate bedroom only with sleeping – get up after 20 minutes of not sleeping 4. Sleep Restriction Therapy – Less time in bed, more sleep debt, thereby falling asleep more easily the next night 5. Drugs (less effective long-term) – prescription and sedative drugs – carry over effects – promotes sleep, but interferes with sleep-wake cycle

Answer 18

``` • Objective measures – Polysomnography • EEG (Measure wave patterns in brain) • Also uses EOG (eye movements) and EMG (muscle tone) • Subjective measures – Epworth Sleepiness Scale – Sleep diaries ```

Answer 19

``` • Vulnerability of participants If have - sleep disorder - under stress • May not think through issues fully • Informed consent • Voluntary participation • Need to minimise harm • Be alert to any distress ```

PSYCH - Altered states Flashcards

(43 cards)