Biochemistry

Question 1

Ground level

Answer 1

Electrons in the lowest available energy level

Question 2

Excited state

Answer 2

When an atom absorbs energy and its electrons move to a higher energy level

Question 3

Ionic bonds are between?

Answer 3

Metal to nonmetal

Question 4

Covalent bonds are between?

Answer 4

non-metals

Question 5

Anion

Answer 5

An atom that gains electrons; a NEGATIVE ion

Question 6

Cation

Answer 6

A POSITIVE ion; loses an electron

Question 7

What is the result of a covalent bond?

Answer 7

Molecule

Question 8

What kind of molecule is CO2?

Answer 8

Nonpolar

Question 9

Specific heat

Answer 9

The amount of heat that must be absorbed for 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature 1 Celsius

Question 10

Transpirational-pull cohesion tension

Answer 10

Water moves up a tall tree from roots to leaves without energy

Question 11

Spring overturn

Answer 11

• ice covers surface of water when cold and melts in spring
• Becomes denser water, and sinks to the bottom, causing water to circulate throughout the lake
• Oxygen from the surface is returned to the depths and nutrients released by bottom-dwelling bacteria are carried up
• The cycling of teh nutrients in the lake

Question 12

pH

Answer 12

• A measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution
• Negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter
• 1=0.1 molar; 2=0.01 molar

Question 13

Acids

Answer 13

• release hydrogen ions

- start with a hydrogen

Question 14

Bases

Answer 14

• accept hydrogen ions with hydroxide ion

- ends with OH

Question 15

Bicarbonate ion

Answer 15

The most important buffer in human blood (HCO3-)

Question 16

Glucose + Glucose

Answer 16

Maltose + Water

Question 17

Glucose + Galactose

Answer 17

Lactose + Water

Question 18

Glucose + Fructose

Answer 18

Sucrose + Water

Question 19

Where is glycogen stored in humans?

Answer 19

Liver and skeletal muscle

Question 20

Saturated fats

Answer 20

• From animals

- Single bonds between carbons

Question 21

Unsaturated fats

Answer 21

• From plants
• At least 1 double bond between Carbons
• fewer hydrogen atoms

Question 22

3 uses of lipids

Answer 22

1. Energy storage: 1 g = 9 calories
2. Structural: Phospholipids
3. Endocrine: Some are hormones

Question 23

Primary Structure of protein

Answer 23

Sequence of amino acids that make up the protein chance

Question 24

Secondary Structure of protein

Answer 24

Hydrogen bonding within the molecule

Question 25

Tertiary structure

Answer 25

- 3D shape or conformation of a protein | - most directly determines the way it functions and its specificity

Question 26

Quaternary structure

Answer 26

Proteins that consist of more than 1 polypeptide chain (hemoglobin)

Question 27

substrate

Answer 27

The chemical an enzyme works on

Question 28

Induced fit model

Answer 28

-As substrate enters the active site, it induces the enzyme to alter its shape so the substrate fits better

Question 29

Enzyme function with the assistance from?

Answer 29

Cofactors(minerals) and coenzymes (vitamins)

Question 30

Cofactors

Answer 30

minerals

Question 31

coenzymes

Answer 31

vitamins

Question 32

Prions

Answer 32

- Infectious proteins that cause brain diseases | - A misfolded version of a protein found in the brains and causes other proteins to misfold the same way