Flashcards in The Cell Deck (28):
1
Leeuwenhoek
Invented the first microscope
2
Robert Hooke
-Studied cork, "cell"
3
Schleiden
Plants are made of cells
4
Schwann
Animals are made of cells
5
Virchow
cell reproduction
6
Cell theory
1. All living things are made of cells
2.All cells arise from other cells
3. Cells are the basic unit of all organism
7
Diameters of plant and animal cells
10-100 micrometers
8
Theory of endosymbiosis
Eukaryotic cells containing organells like mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved when free-living prokaryotes took up permanent residence inside larger prokaryotic cells about 2 billion years ago
9
Smooth ER
-Makes steroid hormones and lipids
-Detoxifies cell
-Carbohydrate (glycogen) metabolism
10
Apoptosis
-programmed cell death
-critical to the embryonic development of multicellular organisms
11
Contractile vacuoles
Protists; pump excess water out of cell
12
Chromoplasts
store carotenoid pigments
13
Microtubules
Thick hollow tubes that make up the cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers
14
Microfilaments
-made of the protein actin; support
Enable:
1. animal cells to form a cleavage furrow
2. Move pseudopods in amoeba
3. Skeletal muscles to contract by sliding along myosin filaments
15
Middle lamella
Cell plate in plant cell division
16
Cytosol
Semiliquid portion of the cytoplasm
17
Cyclosis
Organells get carried around the cell as the cytoplasm cycles around the cell
18
Plasmolysis
Cell shrinking
19
Exocytosis
Active release of molecules from cell
20
Pinocytosis
-Cell drinking
-Uptake of large, dissolved molecules (tiny particles)
-Endocytosis
21
Phagocytosis
-Engulfing of large particles by pseudopods
-Human white cells, amoeba
22
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
-Take large quantities of very specific substances
-bind to receptors on membrane
23
Egestion
Removal of undigested waste
24
Irritability
Ability to respond to stimuli
25
Phase-contrast microscope
-A light microscope that enhances contrast
-Useful in examining living, unstained cells
26
Ultracentrifuge
-Study tissue
-Isolate specific components of cells in large quantities by cell fractionation
-Tissue in blender; the liquid(homogenate) is spun at high speed in an ultracentrifuge and separate into layers based on density
27
Freeze fracture
-Freeze-etching
-study details of membrane structure under an electron microscope
28