Evolution

Question 1

Transitional fossils

Answer 1

-link older extinct fossils to modern species

Question 2

industrial melanism

Answer 2

Darkening due to industrialization ex/ Peppered moth

Question 3

Balanced polymorphism

Answer 3

• Caused by disruptive selection

- 2 or more phenotypes coexist in a population

Question 4

Sources of variation in a population

Answer 4

Mutation, genetic drift, gene flow

Question 5

Genetic drift

Answer 5

Bottleneck and founder effect

Question 6

Bottleneck effect

Answer 6

• Natural disasters result in loss of genetic variation

- Alleles may be under or overrepresented

Question 7

Founder effect

Answer 7

• Small population breaks away from a larger one to colonize a new area
• Not genetically representative of the original larger population
• Rare alleles may be overrepresented

Question 8

Characteristics of the Hardy-Weinberg ther0y

Answer 8

1. Population must be large
2. Population must be isolated from others
3. No mutations
4. Random mating
5. No natural selection

Question 9

Temporal isolation

Answer 9

time

Question 10

Parallel evolution

Answer 10

-2 related species that have made similar evolutionary adaptions after their divergence

Question 11

Gould and Eldridge

Answer 11

punctuated equilibrium

Question 12

Framcesco REdi

Answer 12

Meat and maggots

Disproved SPontaneous Generation

Question 13

Oparin and Haldane

Answer 13

-Hypothesized that under the conditions of early Earth, organic molecules could form

Question 14

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey

Answer 14

• tested the Oparin-Haldane hypothese
• Proved almost any energy source would have converted inorganic molecules in to organic molecules(amino acids)
• used electricity - lightning and Uv lights

Question 15

Sidney Fox

Answer 15

Able to produce cell-like structres called proteinoid microspheres

Question 16

heterotroph hypothesis

Answer 16

• The first cells on Earth were anaerobic heterotrophic prokaryotes
• They absorbed organic molecules from surroundings

Question 17

Margulis

Answer 17

Theory of endosybiosis