Taxonomy

Question 1

Extremophiles

Answer 1

Microorganism that live in extreme environments(ARCHAEA)

Question 2

Peptidoglycan

Answer 2

Substance that makes up bacteria’s thick,rigid cell wall

Question 3

Bacteria has no…?

Answer 3

Introns (noncoding regions within the DNA)

Question 4

What are 3 types of Archaea

Answer 4

1. Methanogens
2. Halophiles
3. Thermophiles

Question 5

Methanogens

Answer 5

Obtain energy in a unique way by producing methane from hydrogen

Question 6

Halophiles

Answer 6

Thrive in environments with high salt concentrations like Utah’s Great Salt Lake

Question 7

Thermophiles

Answer 7

Thrive in very high temperatures, like hot springs or deep sea vents

Question 8

What 4 kingdoms are in the domain Eukarya?

Answer 8

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Question 9

What are important evolutionary trends in animals?

Answer 9

1. Specialization of tissues
2. Germ layers
3. Body Symmetry
4. Development of a head end
5. Body cavity formation

Question 10

Diploblastic

Answer 10

• Animals with only 2 cell layers
• Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoglea
• Porifera and cnidarians

Question 11

Which animals are diploblastic?

Answer 11

Porifera and cnidarians

Question 12

mesoglea

Answer 12

Middle glue that holds endoderm and ectoderm together

Question 13

Triploblastic

Answer 13

Have 3 true cell layers; more complex

Question 14

Cephalization

Answer 14

Development of a head

Question 15

Head end

Answer 15

anteriro

Question 16

Rear end

Answer 16

posterior

Question 17

What are clustered at the anterior end?

Answer 17

Sensory apparatus, a brain; or ganglia

Question 18

What are located at the posterior end?

Answer 18

Digestive, excretory, reproductive structures

Question 19

Which animals lack a head end?

Answer 19

Sponges and cnidarians

Question 20

Coelom

Answer 20

• A fluid-filled body cavity that is surrounded by mesoderm

- Provides a space for elaborate organ systems

Question 21

Acoelomates

Answer 21

• Don’t have a coelom

- Flatworms and other primitive animals

Question 22

Pseudocoelomates

Answer 22

• Have a fluid-filled tube between the endoderm and the mesoderm
• not completely lined by mesoderm
• Nematodes or roundworms

Question 23

Coelomates

Answer 23

• Animals with a coelom
• The most complex in the kingdom
• Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata

Question 24

What phylas are coelomates?

Answer 24

Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata

Question 25

No symmetry

Answer 25

Primitive

Question 26

Head with sensory apparatus

Answer 26

Complex

Question 27

Motile

Answer 27

Complex

Question 28

Acoelomate

Answer 28

Primitive

Question 29

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 29

Complex

Question 30

Mesoglea holds 2 cell layers together

Answer 30

Primitive

Question 31

True tissues, organs, and organ systems

Answer 31

Complex

Question 32

No head

Answer 32

Primitive

Question 33

No true tissues

Answer 33

Primitive

Question 34

3 cell layers, including mesoderm

Answer 34

COmplex

Question 35

LIttle specialization

Answer 35

Primitive

Question 36

Sessile

Answer 36

Primitive

Question 37

Much specialization

Answer 37

Complex

Question 38

Order of animal development

Answer 38

Porifera, Cnidarians, Platyhelminthes, Nematodes, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Echinoderms, Chordates

Question 39

What kind of organisms came first?

Answer 39

Heterotrophs

Question 40

Porifera

Answer 40

- Sponges - No symmetry - No nerve or muscle tissue - Sessile - Filter nutrients from water drawn into a central cavity - 2 cell layers(ecoderm and endoderm; mesoglea) - Specialized cells but no true tissues or organs - evolved from colonial organisms - Reproduce by fragmentation or as hermaphrodites

Question 41

Ectotherm

Answer 41

-heated from outside

Question 42

endotherm

Answer 42

- homeotherm | - birds and mammals

Question 43

Ammonia

Answer 43

- Very soluble in water and highly toxic | - Excreted by water organisms(hydra, fish)

Question 44

Urea

Answer 44

- Not as toxic as ammonia - Excreted by earthworms and humans - In mammals, formed in the liver from ammonia

Question 45

Uric Acid

Answer 45

- Pastelike, not soluble in water; not very toxic | - excreted by insects, reptiles, birds - minimum water loss