Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SAT II BIOLOGY > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(45 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Thymosin

A

Stimulates T lymphocytes as part of the immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pheromenes

A
  • In urine of a dog
  • Carry a message between different individuals of a species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A
  • epinephrine (adrenaline)
  • Nonepinephrine (noradrenaline)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tropic Hormones

A
  • Hormones that stimulate other glands to release hormones and can have a far-reaching effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A
  • STimulated by ACTH to secrete steroid hormones together known as corticosteroids(from cholesterol)
    • glucocorticoids
    • mineralocorticoids
    • cortical sex hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the endocrine center of the pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parathormone

A
  • Raises blood calcium levels
  • regulates calcium and phosphate balance between blood, bone, and other tissues
  • Increased horomone increases bone formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Progesterone

A

Promotes uterine lining growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers produced in 1 tissue and carried by the blood to act on other body parts

Produced in ductless (endocrine) glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pineal

A
  • In brain
  • Melatonin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Androgens

A

Support sperm production and promote secondary sex characteristics of males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Secreted by Anterior pituitary

Stimulates growth of bones and body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thymus

A
  • In neck
  • THymosin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glucocorticoids

A
  • Secreted by adrenal cortex
  • ex/ cortisol, cortisone
  • raise blood sugar levels by gluconeogenesis and decrease protein synthesis
  • reduce body’s immunological and inflammatory responses
  • elevated cortisol repsresses ACTH and lowers cortisol levels, acting as a feedback loop to maintain constant coritsol levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • bridge between the endocrine and nervous systems
  • acts part of the nervous system when it sends electrical signals to adrenal gland to release adrenaline
  • acts part of endocrine gland when it produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone stored in the posterior pituitary
  • body’s thermostat
  • centers for regulating hunger and thirst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Produced by hypthalamus

SEcreted by posterior pituitary

Promotes kidney to reduce water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glucagon

A
  • Secreted by Pancreas
  • Raises blood glucose levels
  • breakdown glycogen into glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anterior pitutarry

A
  • Growth Hormone (GH)
  • Luteininzing Hormone (LH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Prolactin

FLAT PIG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Insulin

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Secreted by Pancreas
  • Lowers blood glucose levels when glucose concentrations are high(like after a meal)
  • stimulates muscles and liver to convert glucose to glycogen
20
Q

Estrogen

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Stimulates uterine lining
  • promotes development and maintenance of primary and secondary female characteristics
21
Q

Oxytocin

Study These Flashcards
A

Produced by hypothalamus

Secreted by posterior pituitary

Stimulates contractions of the uterus and mammary glands

22
Q

Ovaries

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
23
Q

Negative Feedback

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Maintains homeostasis
  • ex/ body maintains thyroxin levels. WHen low, hypotalamus stimulates anterior pituitary to release a thyroid-stimulating hormoen to relase more thyroxin
24
Q

Pancreas

Study These Flashcards
A
  • endocrine function centered in the islets of Langerhans
  • Insulin
  • Glucagon
25
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
* Secreted by anterior pituitary * Stimulates ovaries and testes * Induces testes to mature by beginning to secrete testosterone * stimulates ovulation of the primary oocyte from the follicle
26
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Secreted by anterior pituitary Stimulates gonads to prodoce sperm and ova
27
Melatonin
Secreted by Pineal Invloved in biorhythms
28
Andrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
29
Feedback Mechanism
A self-regulating mechanism that increases/decreases an action or the level of a substance
30
Peptide Hormones
* large, hydrophilic, charged * can't diffuse across the plasma membrane * Protein receptors they bind to are located on the cell suface * activates receptor and causes it to transmit a signal into the cell * release secondary messengers(c-AMP) in the cell that amplify the signal and alter cell activities * produced as large inactive pro-hormones that are cleaved by proteases into smaller active peptides before released * stored in secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm waiting for signal to be dumped out into the blood * Can act quickly
31
Flight or Fight Response
* Body's physical reactions to stress * epinephrine and norepinephrine increase heartbeat * increase blood supply to skeletal muscle, heart, braine, while decrease supply to kidneys, skin ,digestive tract * elicited by sympathetic nervous stimulation
32
Epinephrine
* Secreted by the adrenal medulla * fight-or-flight hormone * neurotranmitter
33
Thyroxin
* A modifioed amino acid that contains 4 atoms of iodine * stimulates oxidative metabolism throughout body * Controls metabolic rate * Deficiency of thyroxin can cause: * Goiter(Swelling), decreased heart rate, lethargy, obesity, decreased mental alertness * too much can cause * Sweating, high body temp, inceased basal metabolic rate, high blood pressure, weight loss, irritability
34
Testes
* Androgens
35
Mineralocorticoid
* Secreted by adrenal cortex * ex/ aldosterone * regulte plama levels of sodium and potassium and extracellular water volume * causes active reabsorption of sodium and passive reabsorption of water in the kidney
36
Posterior Pituitary
* Oxytocin * Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) * Direct extension of nervous tissue from hypothalamus
37
Thyroid
* Thyroxin * Calcitonin
38
Positive feedback
* Enhances an already existing response * ex/ Baby's head against uterine opening sensors cause contractions, which causes more contractions until baby is born
39
Prolactin
Secreted by Anterior pituitary Responsible for milk production by the female mammary glands
40
Parathyroid
* Parathormone
41
Signal Transduction Cascade
* Indirect signaling by a hormone * releases secondary messengers in the cell that amplify the signal and alter cellular activites
42
Steroid Hormones
* small, hydrophobic * most are derived from cholesterol(lipid) * can diffuse through cell membrane * bind to steroid hormone receptors after diffusion * the receptors enter the nucleus and bind to target regions in genes that regulate transcription, turning the genes on or off * changes in gene transcription and protein expression * not stored after production * Take longer to produce aresponse
43
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Secreted by anteriro pituitary Stimulates thyroid gland to secrete its own hormone, thyroxine
44
Epinephrine; Nonepinephrine
* Adrenaline; noradrenaline * neurotransmitters * Raises blood sugar level by increasing rate of glycogen breakdown into glucose by liver * increase basal metabolic rate * increase heart beat * increase blood supply to skeletal muscle, heart, and brain, while decreasing blood to the kidnesy, skin, digestive tract - "fight or flight response"
45
Calcitonin
Secreted by Thyroid Lowers blood calcium levels

SAT II BIOLOGY (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions