BIOLOGY 3.4 WHOLEFOODS

Question 1

Wholefoods are free from chemical preservatives, artificial coloring and flavouring. They cannot be eaten straight away, and sometimes they must be cooked (so they dont remain raw/cold). Most vegetables, fruits and nuts can be eaten without cooking. Milk is a wholefood that comes from cows. To change the milk from a wholefood, we need to process it. When we are processing the milk, it becomes powdery and loses some nutrients as well as water. Then, when we buy the powdered milk, we must add the lost nutrients and the milk must be in a form which babies can absorb/consume them.

Answer 1

The best wholefoods are nuts, fresh vegetables and fruits, meat fish and eggs (bought unprocessed and cooked at home).

Question 2

What is processed food

Answer 2

Processed food is any food that has been changed from its natural state in some way before we can eat it. This includes cooking, freezing, canning, drying or adding ingredients like salt, sugar or preservatives.

Some processed foods are healthy (e.g. like frozen vegetables, or whole grain bread/brown bread). However, eating too much of unhealthy processed foods can lead to heart diseases.

Question 3

Some vitamins are lost during processes of washing grains

Question 4

What is roughage

Answer 4

• a kind of cellulose. it is a very important carbohydrate in our diet which gives us fibre and comes from vegetables. We do not absorb it in our body, it stays in our gut (digestive system). Roughage keeps our digestive system in good working order. It soaks up water and poisonous wastes from food during digestion and becomes a firm bulky mass that muscles in the gut wall can grip and easily move along the digestive passageways and out of the body (when we excrete it).
  –> roughage is a kind of fibre

If we do not have enough roughage in our diet, we are more likely to suffer from bowel cancer. Food without roughage forms hard dry lumps of waste which get stuck in the gut causing constipation.

The toxic substances are absorbed with water. The fibre cleans up the leftover food from the gut wall and removes it (pushes it out as we excrete it)
Leafy vegetables are the most fibre - giving food in our diet. Fibre does not have nutritional value (it goes in our body and comes out)

Question 5

Leafy vegetables (which contain plant fibre) provide us with roughage.

Question 6

Heavily processed foods may have many added ingredients in them which can be harmful for our health.
Eating too much of processed foods can cause heart diseases, obesity, diabetes.

Question 7

Vitamins and minerals are lost when wheat germ is removed from wheat grains

Question 8

Give two functions of fibre in our diet

Answer 8

Fibre can be found in vegetables, fruit and in the bran surrounding wheat grains. This helps to keep our digestive system in good working order. (When we eat enough fibre, we will be less likely to suffer from bowel cancer, as well). The fibre in the roughage absorbs water, as well as the toxic substances present in our gut and becomes bulky. Then, as it goes down it pushes the food out easily when we go to the lavatory/we excrete it.

Question 9

What are food additives? Explain your answer with an example

Answer 9

Food additives are artificial substances/chemicals which we give to some food during its processing. They are used for different purposes like enhancing the color to make it look more appealing/tasty, etc. A type/example of a food additive would be flavourings which which restore some flavour during the processing. However, these substances are quite unhealthy (Foster Clark’s strawberry syrups, Tang, food coloring)

Question 10

(should write 3 points in 3 different paragraphs in exam)

Question 11

Sugar, salt and oil are preservatives we use daily