Biology Midterm

Question 1

How does temperature affect the movement of molecules in general?

Answer 1

At low temperatures molecules move slowly, and at good temperatures molecules move faster.

Question 2

How does temperature affect protein molecules in specific?

Answer 2

At good temperatures proteins function normally, but at very high temperatures proteins become damaged.

Question 3

What is “denaturing” and how does it relate to temperature?

Answer 3

Denaturing is when proteins lose their shape due to high temperature and stop working.

Question 4

Why would a cold temperature cause a rate of reaction to slow down?

Answer 4

Cold temperatures cause molecules to move slowly, which lowers the rate of photosynthesis.

Question 5

What primary source of energy is used in photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Light energy.

Question 6

What happens to plants when their primary energy source is too low?

Answer 6

Photosynthesis occurs at a low rate because there is not enough energy to drive the light reactions.

Question 7

What happens to plants when their primary energy source is higher than needed?

Answer 7

The rate of photosynthesis does not increase and reaches a plateau because the mechanisms of the light reactions have limits.

Question 8

Which portion of an atom is used to hold molecules together?

Answer 8

Electrons

Question 9

What is a carbohydrate and what are its functions?

Answer 9

A carbohydrate, such as glucose, is an organic molecule used for chemical energy.

Question 10

What process builds carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Photosynthesis.

Question 11

What are the reactants (inputs) used during photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Light energy, water (H₂O), and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Question 12

How does a plant get each of the reactants you just listed?

Answer 12

Water is taken in through the roots, light energy is absorbed through the leaves, and carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere through the stomata.

Question 13

What are the products (outputs) made during photosynthesis?

Answer 13

Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen gas (O₂).

Question 14

What happens to each of the products you just listed?

Answer 14

Oxygen is released as a waste product, and glucose is used by the plant for chemical energy and later converted to ATP during cellular respiration.

Question 15

How does the rate of photosynthesis correlate to cold, ideal, and high temperatures?

Answer 15

Cold temperatures cause a low rate, ideal temperatures cause a normal rate, and very high temperatures cause no photosynthesis.

Question 16

How does the rate of photosynthesis correlate to light availability?

Answer 16

Low light causes a low rate, sufficient light causes a normal rate, and too much light causes the rate to plateau.

Question 17

What is the function of ATP Synthase and what material does it work with

Answer 17

Produces ATP
Protons

Question 18

What is the function of Rubisco and what material does it work with

Answer 18

Works with CO2 during Calving cycle to build sugar
Carbon dioxide

Question 19

What is the function of Aquaporin and what material does it work with

Answer 19

Answer: Allows water to move through cell membranes.
Water

Question 20

How is carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis?

Answer 20

Carbon dioxide is used during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, where its carbon is used to build glucose.