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EMT > Bleeding and soft tissue trauma > Flashcards

Bleeding and soft tissue trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Severity depends on what 5 things?

A
  • Amount of blood loss
  • Rate of blood loss
  • Other injuries
  • Patients existing medical problems
  • Age
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2
Q

Arterial bleeding characteristic

A
  • Bright red, spurting blood from a wound
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3
Q

Venous bleeding characteristic

A
  • Dark red blood that steadily flows
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4
Q

Capillary bleeding characteristic

A
  • Slowly oozing blood that is dark or intermediate color of red
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5
Q

First method of controlling a bleed

A
  • Direct pressure
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6
Q

How high above the injury do you place a touniquet

A
  • 2 inches
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7
Q

what are hemostatic agents

A

dressing gauze or sponge that are designed to improve clotting and control life threatening bleeds that cant be controlled by direct pressure

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8
Q

How long do you hold the hemostatic dressing in the wound

A

3 min with direct pressure

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9
Q

What are junctional areas

A

Areas in which the extremities and head meet the torso or core of the body
* Groin
* Armpit
* shoulder
* neck

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10
Q

Epistaxis

Define

A
  • nose bleed
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11
Q

Bleeding from nose, ears, or mouth

Causes (7)

A
  • Skull injury
  • Facial trauma
  • Digital trauma (nose picking)
  • Sinusitis and other URI
  • Hypertension
  • Clotting disorders
  • Esophageal disease
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12
Q

Sinustitis

Define/Complication

A
  • sinuses are inflamed and swollen
  • Makes it hard for the sinuses to drain
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13
Q

What is bleeding from ears or nose indicitive of?

A

Skull fracture

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14
Q

If you have bleeding from the nose or ears and suspect skull fracture do you stop the bleed?

Tell me why!

Hint: Aint nothing bout a heart ache… is wrong.. Tell me why!

A
  • Stop the bleed is nothing but a mistake! Tell me why
  • Causes increased ICP
    I never want to hear you sayyyy
    I stopped that nose bleed
    ( back street EMT said so)
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15
Q

What factors increase bleeding

A
  • Movement
  • Low body tempurature
  • Medications
  • IV fluids
  • removal of dressings and bandages
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16
Q

Tourniquet precautions

(6)

A
  • Make sure the pockets are empty
  • Place 2 inches above the injury
  • Dont tourniquet joints
  • Dont use on head or neck
  • Can be used over clothing
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17
Q

Why is a significant risk factor with abrasions?

A
  • Infection
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18
Q

Avulsion

Define

A
  • Flaps of skin torn or cut but still loosly attached
19
Q

Hematoma

Define

A
  • A collection of blood outside the blood vessles
  • Fancy word for bruises
20
Q

Hemorrhagic shock

S/S Mental status

A
  • Restlessness
  • Anxiety
  • AMS
21
Q

Hemorrhagic shock

S/S vitals signs

A
  • Increased pulse rate with weak and thready pulse
  • Increased RR that can be deep or shallow, labored, and irregular
  • Dilated pupils
  • Marked thirst
  • N/V
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Pallor with cyanosis to the lips
22
Q

Ecchymosis

Define

A
  • Black and blue discoloration associated with a hematoma
23
Q

3 layers of the skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous
24
Q

Contusions

Define

A
  • An injury to the tissue and blood vessels contained within the dermis
25
Q

Abrasion

Define

A
  • Scraping, rubbing, or shearing away of the epidermis
26
Q

What is the biggest concern with abrasions?

A

Infection

27
Q

Two types of lacerations

A
  • Linear
  • Stellate (irregular)
28
Q

What are the common causes of a linear laceration

And why do they heal better than stellate lacerations

A
  • Knife, razor, or broken glass
  • Heal better becuase they have smooth edges
29
Q

Common cause for a stellate laceration

A
  • Blunt force trauma
30
Q

How do you determine severity of an alvulsion?

A
  • Directly related to the effectiveness of circulation and perfusion distal to the injury
  • Cap refill
  • CMS
31
Q

Cellulitis

Define

A
  • Inflammation of skin cells
32
Q

Complications with dog bites

A
  • Cellulitis (inflammation of skin cells)
  • Septicemia (blood infection)
  • Rabies
  • Tetanus
33
Q

Clamping injuries

Define

A
  • Occurs when a body part is caught of strangles by some piece of machinery, a tool, or other object or equipment
34
Q

Clamping injuries

Emergency care

A
  • If pt is stable apply a lubricant and slowly attempt to wiggle the part loose
  • if possible elevate injury above pts head to decrease circulation pressure
  • Cant get them out bring it with
  • If the object is too big have fire cut it to a more managable size
35
Q

Penetrating chest wounds

Emergency care

A
  • Cover with an occlusive dressing secured with tape on 3 sides to allow air to escape as the patient exhales to prevent a tension pneumothorax
36
Q

Evisceration

Define

A
  • Abdominal organs protrude through the open wound
37
Q

Evisceration

Emergency care

A
  • Do not touch the organ
  • Cover with a wet sterile dressing
  • Then cover dressing with occlusive dressing taped on all 4 sides
38
Q

Impaled objects

When can you remove them

A
  • Only if impaled through the cheek
  • Or neck if its obstructing airflow through trachea
  • AND THATS IT. Nothing else gets removed
39
Q

Emergency care for impaled objects

A
  • Manulally secure object
  • Remove clothing from around the wound
  • Control bleeding
  • Stabilize the object with dressings and then tape it securely
40
Q

What do you do with an amputated body part?

A
  • remove any gross contamination by flushing the part with sterile water or slaline
  • Wrap it in a dry sterile gauze dressing
  • put it in a plastic bag
  • Keep amputated part cool but dont freeze it
  • Transport it with the patient if possible
41
Q

Air embolism

What is that?

A
  • With an open neck wound air can be sucked into a neck vein and carried to the heart. that is potentially lethal
42
Q

Large open neck injuries

Emergency care major goals

A
  • Bleeding control and prevention of an air embolism
43
Q

DCAP BTLS

Whats that stand for?

A
  • D - Deformities
  • C- Contrusion
  • A - Abrasions
  • P- Punctures
  • B - Burns
  • T - Tenderness
  • L - Lacerations
  • S - Swelling
44
Q

Blood volume

A

Adult : 70 mL/kg (5 liters)
Child: 80 mL/kg

EMT (41 decks)

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