Medical - Respiratory Flashcards by mary gilliland

Significance of auscultating

Second intercostal space, midclavicular line

airflow through the larger conducting airways
Abnormal sounds heard best here include stridor and rhonchi.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Significance of auscultating

Third intercostal space, anterior axillary line, or fourth intercostal space, midaxillary line

airflow through smaller conducting airways (bronchioles)
maybe airflow into the air sacs (alveoli)
abnormal breath sound heard best in this location is wheezing.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Significance of auscultating

Fifth or sixth intercostal space, posterior midscapular line

sitting upright, the sounds heard here represent airflow into the alveoli.
abnormal sound heard here most commonly is crackles (rales).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wheezing

Sounds / Indicates / Heard in / Auscultate

Sounds like: high pitched whisteling on exhale. Sometimes Inhale.

Indication of: Bronchoconstriction swelling constriction of lower airways

Heard in: Asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, congestive heart failure

Auscultate: Third intercostal space, anterior axillary line, or fourth intercostal space, midaxillary line

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rhonchi

Sounds / Indicates / Heard in / Auscultate

Sounds like: snoring or rattling noises heard on auscultation

Indications: Obstruction of the larger conducting airways by thick mucus

Heard in: chronic bronchitis, emphysema, aspiration, and pneumonia

Auscultate: Second intercostal space, midclavicular line

Sound changes if the person coughs/changes position

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rales / Crackles

Sounds / Indicates / Heard in / Auscultate

Sounds like : Bubbly or crackling sounds heard during inhalation

Indicates: Fluid that has surrounded or filled the alveoli or small bronchioles

Heard in: pulmonary edema or pneumonia

Auscultate: Posterior base of lungs, Fifth or sixth intercostal space, posterior midscapular line

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What causes

Crowing/Stridor

What does it sound like?

How to correct it

Swelling or muscle spasms that result from conditions
airway infections, allergic reactions, or burns to the upper airway

High-pitched sounds produced on inspiration

Typically cannot be relieved by manual maneuvers, suctioning, or insertion of an airway adjunct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What causes

Gurgling

How to correct

Liquid substance in airway

Suction airway

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What causes

Snoring

How to correct it

Tongue or epiglottis blocking airway

Head tilt chin lift

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Breathing assessment componants

look
listen
feel
rate
positioning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Breathing OPQRST

O - when did it begin
gradual or sudden
what were you doing
P - does anything make it better or worse
Q - do you have a cough. is it productive
R - Pain anywhere else
S - 1-10 how bad is the breathing trouble
T - How long have you had this feeling

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

Mediastinum

Central part of the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

Hypercarbia

Increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

Hypoxemia

Decreased oxygen in the bloodstream

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

Dyspnea

Shortness of breath

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

Apnea

No longer breathing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

Hypoxia

and what does it lead to celullarly

When the cells of the body aren’t getting enough oxygen and causes cellular dysfunction. This leads to cell death

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

Tachypnea

Abnormally fast breathing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does tripod position look like?

Leaning forward, braced with arms and elbows locked with hands on a hard surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

MDI

And what kind of drug is administers

Metered-dose inhaler
Beta 2 specific bronchodilator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

SVN

What form is it

Small volume nebulizer
Form: Aerodol or mist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

Hypercarbic drive

Normal respiratory control that responds to CO2 levels in the arterial blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

Hypoxic drive

Respiratory drive where the body uses chemoreceptors measuring oxygen in the blood instead of carbon dioxide receptors to regulate respirations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define

Bradypnea

Abnormally slow respiratory rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

# Define Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing while lying down

# Define Flail chest

when broken ribs are isolated from the chest and interfer with normal chest movements Paradoxical movement

# Define Pneumothorax

When the air that should only be in the lungs start leaking into the chest cavity

# Define Pulsus paradoxus

A drop in systolic blood pressure of 10 mmHg or more on inhalation

# Define Diaphoresis

Abnormal sweating that does not occure due to heat

# Define DVT

Deep vein thrombosis is a common source of a pulmonary embolism that travels and becomes lodged in the pulmonary vessels

# Define Syncope

Fainting

# Define URI

Upper respiratory infection which is a common way to refer to viral respiratory infections

Emphysema | Define

* COPD * Lung tissue looses elasticity * Alveoli walls destroyed

Emphysema | S/S

*Barrel-chest * wheezing/rhonchi * Pink puffers * prolonged exhalation * Tripod

Chronic Bronchitis | Define

* Bronchi + Bronchioles * Inflimmation/swelling

Chronic Bronchitis | S/S

* Vigorous/sputum Cough * JVD * Peripheral Edema * Blue Bloaters * Rales/Rhonchi * Wheezes at base of lungs * Asterixis (inability to maintain posture, flapping like spasms, seen in hands) (Resp Failure)

COPD | Treatment

*Ensure open airway *Position of Comfort *Titrate O2 *Maintain SpO2

Asthma | Define

*Bronchospasm *Lower airway lining inflammation/edema *mucus plugs

Asthma | S/S

*Cough *Wheezing exhale *Anxiety *Chest tightness *Insomnia

Asthma | Treatment

*SABA *CPAP - Caution *Calming pt

Asthma | Mild/Moderate/Severe

Pneumonia | Describe

* Bacterial * Viral * Lung inflimmation * Fluid/pus in Alveoli

Pneumonia | S/S

*low appetite *Fever *cough *Sharp localized pain usually made worse when breathing deeply or coughing *Crackles, Wheezing, Rhonchi

Pulmonary Embolism | Define

Blood clot in lungs

Pulmonary Embolism | S/S

* Long periods of immobility * Sudden Dyspnea * Sudden chest pain during Inhale * Cough (Bloody) *JVD *Fever *Swelling/pain/reddness/cold to one limb

Acute Pulmonary Edema | Define

*Cardiogenic = Left ventrical failure = fluid/blood back up *Non cardiogenic = Infection/destruction of capillary beds

Acute Pulmonary Edema | S/S

*Orthopnea *Pink/Frothy Sputum *Crackles/wheezing *JVD (Cardio) *Swollen lower limbs (Cardio) *Cough

CPAP uses | Disease/condition specific

Indication: *Acute Pulmonary Edema *Asthma - CAUTION *COPD *Toxic gas inhalation *Drowning *Pneumonia Contraindication: *Spontaneus pneumothorax *Nausea/Vomiting * Reduced consciousness * pneumothorax

Spontaneous Pneumothorax | Define

Rupture of visceral lining Primary = No underlying disease Secondary = Underlying disease exmpl: COPD or Connective tissure dissorder

Spontaneous Pneumothorax | S/S

*Sudden SOB *Sudden sharp chest/shoulder pain *decreased Breath sounds on one side *Subcutaneous Emphysema (Palpate for crepitus) *Pale

Hyperventilation Syndrome | Define

Panic attack too much Co2

Hyperventilation Syndrome | S/S

*Nervousness/Anxiety *Numbness/tingling in mouth/hands/feet *Foot/hand spasms/Cramps *Tachypnea

Hyperventilation Syndrome | Treatment

* Talk down * NRB @ 1-2 lpm

Epiglottitis | Define

*Bacterial Infection of upper airway * swelling of the epiglottis, surrounding tissue, and the tongue

Epiglottitis | S/S

*4-7 YO *RAPID onset *Fever 102-104 *Painful to swallow *Drooling *Stridor inhale * Cherry red epiglottis

Epiglottitis/Croup | Treatment

*light in open mouth to see swelling/redness *DO NOT insert anything in airway *O2 @ 15 lpm *BVM - Slow squeeze *Rapid transport *ALS intervention

Croup | Define

Viral infection of upper airway

Croup | Symptoms

*6 months - 4 YO *Slow onset *Brassy cough *no drooling *Fever 100-101

CO Poisoning | S/S

* Oral or pharyngeal burns * Dizziness * Altered mental status * Copious secretions * History consistent with inhalation injury * Cyanosis

Cystic Fibrosis | S/S

* Reacurrent cough * Recurrent episodes or history of pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis * Abdonimal pain from intestinal gas * Malnutrition * Clubbing of the digits * Trouble speaking and breathing with mucus buildup

Pertussis | S/S

* Coughing fits, usually more common at night * On inspiration "Whoop" is heard at the end of coughing fit * General malaise (weekness/fatigue) * Sneezing, runny nose, low grade fever * Vomitting

Whooping cough | Define

Bacterial infection highly contagious

Medical - Respiratory Flashcards

(62 cards)