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EMT > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

epidermis

Define

A
  • Outermost layer of the skin
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2
Q

Dermis

Define

A
  • Second layer of the skin that contains capillary beds and sensory structures
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3
Q

Subcutaneous

Define

A
  • 3rd layer of the skin with all the fatty connective tissue and larger blood vessels
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4
Q

BSA

Define this accronym

A

Body surface area

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5
Q

Burn shock

Define

A
  • Results from extensive vascular bed damage that allows both fluid and protein molecules in the plasma to leak into surrounding tissue
  • this causes extensive swelling
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6
Q

you find a newly burned pt with hypoperfusion. what are you considering FIRST to be the cause of this?

A
  • consider direct blood loss from from an associated external or internal hemorrhage since edema from a partial or full thickness burn doesnt develop for a few hours, fluid loss is not our immediate concern
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7
Q

Laryngeal edema

Define

A
  • Swelling of the larynx fron inhalation of superheated air
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8
Q

eschar

Define

A
  • Tough leathery burned skin seen in a full thickness burn
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9
Q

Common lung sound from inhalation burns

A

Stridor

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10
Q

Cyanide

What is its action when inhaled into the body

A
  • Interferes with the ability of the cells to use oxygen
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11
Q

Carbon minoxide

What is its action when inhaled into the body

A

Binds with hemoglobin and imapirs the ability of the blood to deliver oxygen to the cells

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12
Q

ARDS

Whats that stand for?

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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13
Q

How can burns affect the kidney function?

A
  • Decreased blood flow from fluid loss (caused by the burn) can decrease the blood flow to the kidneys
  • Burn injuries causes waste products to form in the blood becuase of cell distruction since kidneys function is to filter blood a blockage can form
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14
Q

3 major classifications for burns

No sub catagories on this card

A
  • First degree - superficial
  • Second degree - Partial thickness
  • Third degree - Full thickness
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15
Q

First degree burns

S/S

A
  • Red skin
  • Pain at the site
  • Tenderness
  • No blisters
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16
Q

Second degree burns

S/S

A
  • Blisters
  • Intense pain
  • White to red skin
  • Moist and mottled
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17
Q

Third degree

S/S

A
  • Leathery skin (Eschar)
  • Charring, dark brown or white
  • Skin hard to the touch
  • No pain
  • Pain at peripery of the burn
18
Q

Superficial burn

effects what layers of the skin?

A

epidermis only

19
Q

Partial thickness burn

Effects what layers of the skin?

A
  • Epidermis and dermis
20
Q

What are the sub catagories of a partial thickness burn?

A
  • Superficial partial thickness
  • Deep partial thickness
21
Q

weeping wound

Define

A
  • Small leaks in the capillary beds caused by the burn results in wet skin
22
Q

Superficial partial thickness burns

S/S (4)

A
  • Thin walled blisters
  • Skin is red and weeping
  • Skin blanches with pressure
  • Skin is tender to the touch
23
Q

Deep partial thickness burns

S/S

A
  • Thick walled blisters prone to rupture with any body movement
  • Skin can be a variable of color with patchy areas that are red to a cheesy white
  • Skin doesnt blanch with pressure
  • Skin is wet or a waxy dry
  • Pain receptors can be damaged but the pt can still feel pressure at the site
  • Poor cap refill
24
Q

Full thickness burns

Involve what layers of the skin

Plus S/S

A
  • Eschar skin
  • White and waky to dark brown or black and charred skin
  • doesn’t blanch with pressure
  • Deep burns
25
Q

forth degree burns

Involve what layers of the skin

A
  • all of them and deep into the tendons, ligaments, muscle, bone , blood vessels, and nerves

This is really bad

26
Q

considering partial thickness and full thickness Burns

Minor burn BSA %

Adult

A

Partial thickness
* Adult 5%-10% BSA
Full thickness
* <2% BSA

27
Q

considering partial thickness and full thickness Burns

Moderate burn BSA %

Adult

A

Patial thickness
* 10%-20% BSA
Full thickness
* 2%-5% BSA

28
Q

considering partial thickness and full thickness Burns

Major burn

Adult

A

Partial thickness
* >20% BSA
Full thickness
* >5% BSA

29
Q

How to determine severity of burns

(5)

A
  • Depth of burn
  • Location of burn
  • Patients age
  • Preexisting medcal conditions
  • Percentage of body surface area involved
30
Q

what are the critical burn locations

(7)

A
  • Face
  • Eyes
  • ears
  • hands
  • feet
  • genital or groin region
  • Burns on major joint areas
31
Q

Circumferential burns

Define

A
  • Burns that encircle a body area like the arm, leg, or chest
32
Q

Comparment syndrome

Define

A
  • A condition where pressure inside the muscle groups become dangerously high and cut off blood and oxygen supply
33
Q

Most important thing to reassess when compartment syndrome comes into play with our burned victums

A

CMS

34
Q

What age groups tolerate burn injuries the worst

Why?

A
  • Under the age of 2
  • over the age of 50
  • Because of their relatively larger skin surface in relation to body mass, children have greater fluid loss and thinner skin
  • old people have underlying medical conditions that affect their response to burns
35
Q

What preexisting conditions are the heavy hitters that can turn minor or moderate burns into critical conditions?

(4+1)

A
  • Cardiovascular
  • Pulmonary
  • endocrine
  • Neurological
  • Being old if you consider that a preexisting condition (this is the +1)
35
Q

major types of burns

A
  • Thermal
  • Inhalation
  • Chemical
  • Electrical
  • Radiation
  • Flame
  • Contact
  • Scald
  • Steam
  • Gas
  • Flash
36
Q

how long do you cool down a burn?

A

60-120 seconds
* Don’t give them hypothermia while trying to stop the burning

37
Q

First step in caring for burns

A

Remove the pt from the source of the burn and stop the burning

38
Q

liquid or semisolid burn

Emergency care & what don’t you do

Ex. oil, grease, tar

A
  • Cool the burn with water or saline
  • Do not attempt to remove the substanc ebcause this can cause further tissue damage
39
Q

Dry chemical burns

Emergency care

A
  • Brush it away before flushing with copious amounts of water or saline
40
Q

Considerations for dressing burns

(3)

A
  • Avoid materials that shred or leave paticles behind
  • Never apply any type of ointments, lotions, or antiseptics to burn injuries
  • Never break or drain blisters

EMT (41 decks)

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