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EMT > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What does PPV do?

A

Any method that forces air and oxygen into the patient’s lungs when the patient is unable to breathe adequately, or at all, on their own.

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2
Q

Dealing with

Difficult pts
embarrassing ?’s

A

Respect their privacy, away from others (including parents)
Be direct
Don’t get more detailed than necessary
Don’t ask things that are not pertinent to current medical condition

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3
Q

Define

Battle Sign

A

Bruising behind ear
indicating head injury

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4
Q

define

BGL

Normal levels

A

Blood glucose level

60-80. - 120-140

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5
Q

Define

Cyanosis

A

Blueish color in lips, lower eyelids, fingernails

indicate conditions such as suffocation, inadequate respirations, hypoxia, hypoxemia, heart attack, or poisoning.

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6
Q

Define

Intervention

A

When immediate life saving treatment needs to be performed

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7
Q

Define

JVD

A

Jugular Venous Distention

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8
Q

Define

Reassesment

A

To determine any changes to pt’s condition, and assess effectiveness of emergency care

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9
Q

Brain break

A

Biiiiiitch

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10
Q

List

Components & goals of scene size-up

A

Identify possible hazards
Ensure safety of yourself, crew, patient/s, bystanders
What lead to be called
MOI
NOI
Needs to call for additional assistance
Number of patients
Hazard materials
Special rescue teams

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11
Q

List

When to call for additional resources

A
  • Additional EMS
  • Law enforcement
  • Hazard materials
  • Special rescue teams (swift water, high altitude, surgical emergency rescue team)
  • Power/utility company
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12
Q

Order of

Primary Assessment

A

Form general impression
Assess:
* Level of consciousness
* airway
* breathing
* cirulation
* patient priorities

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13
Q

Positions for pt Transport

SOB (short of breath)
CP (Chest Pain)
unresponsive
Vomitting

A

SOB = Fowlers or semi-fowlers
CP = Fowlers or semi-fowlers
Unresponsive = Supine
Vomitting = lateral recumbent

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14
Q

7 times crew talks to dispatch

A

Acknowledge call
En route
On scene
Leaving scene
Arrival at hospital
Clear of hospital
Back at station

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15
Q

Abdominal distension

A

abdomen swollen and hard
* Internal bleeding
* obstruction in digestive tract
* irritation of lining of abdomen

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16
Q

Abdominal Gaurding

A

reflex contraction or spasm of the abdominal muscles on palpation due to localized peritoneal inflammation

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17
Q

Anisocoria

A

difference in pupil size

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18
Q

AVPU

A
  • Alert
  • responds to Verbal stimulus
  • responds to Painful stimulus
  • Unresponsive
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19
Q

blunt force trauma

A

force that impacts or is applied to the body but is not sharp enough to penetrate it

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20
Q

Boyles law

A

Increase in pressure will decrease volume of gas

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21
Q

Bradycardia

A

less than 60 bpm

low heart rate

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22
Q

Bradypnea

A

less than 12 breaths/min

breathing too slow

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23
Q

BVM

When to use

A
  • pt has inadequate VENTILATION
  • Low O2
  • RR over 30 or under 12
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24
Q

Capillary refill

A

2 seconds
women - 3 seconds
Elderly - 4 seconds

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25
Q

Cardiac Arrest intervention sequence

A

Compressions
Airway
Breathing

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26
Q

CHART

SCHART?

A

Chief Complaint
History
Assessment
RX (Treatment)
Transport

S - Scene

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27
Q

CHEATED

A

Cheif Complaint
History
Exam
Assessment
Treatment
Evaluation
Disposition

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28
Q

Chief complaint

A

Reason EMS was called

“Why did you call EMS today?”

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29
Q

colon function

A

Water absorbtion of waste

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30
Q

components of emergency communication system

A
  • Base station
  • Land Mobile Radio Systems
  • Mobile/portable Radios
  • Repeaters
  • Digital Equipment
  • Cellphones
  • Telemetry
  • Land mobile sattellite communication
  • broadcast regulations
  • System Maintenance
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31
Q

Compostition of ambient air

A

21% O2

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32
Q

CPAP

When to use

A
  • Pt has inadequate VENTILATION
  • low o2
  • breathing on own
  • patent airway
  • awake and alert
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33
Q

Define

crepitus,

A

Popping sound/clicking in joints, or when two fragments of bone rub together

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34
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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35
Q

Data elements of PCR

A
  • minimum data set
  • Administrative Info
  • Pt demographics and data
  • vital signs
  • patient narrative
  • Treatment
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36
Q

DCAPBTLS

A

Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Punctures/Penetrations
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling

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37
Q

Dead air space

A

150 ML of air not used for respiration no matter the tidal volume

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38
Q

describe actions of diaphragm and intercostal muscles during inhalation

A

diaphragm contracts
intercostal muscles relax

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39
Q

Epididymis

A

stores sperm

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40
Q

Five stages of grieving

A

denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance

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41
Q

Forming a general impression

A

Age
Sex
Trauma or Medical?
Cheif complaint
Life threats

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42
Q

frontal lobes function

A

Personality

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43
Q

FROPVD

Indications

disadvantages

A
  • pt breathing on own

DO NOT use on children
rupture to lungs possible = cant monitor lung compliance

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44
Q

Gallbladder function

A

bile duct from the liver
holds bile

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45
Q

GCS

A

Glasgow Coma Scale
Rank patients level of consciousness
Identify trends in mental status
Determined by eye opening, verbal response, and motor response

46
Q

hippocampus function

A

Memory and memory consolidation

47
Q

How to correct a handwritten report

what if the mistake is found after the report is submitted?

A
  • Draw single horizontal line through the error
  • initial it
  • write correct information beside it

* Same procedure
* diff colored pen
* date and time of change

48
Q

How to determine serious fall

adult and child

A

Adult: 20 feet
Child: 10 feet
Surface
What landed first

49
Q

Immediate life threats

often found during general impression

A

Compromised airway
open wounds to chest
Paradoxical movement of chest
major bleeding
Unresponsive

50
Q

Index of suspicion

A

degree of your anticipation that the patient has been injured, or has been injured in a specific way

51
Q

Infiltration

A

When fluid enters tissues without irritation (think of a working IV)

52
Q

Kidney function

A

Filters blood
(maintaines flow of blood with excess fluid/not enough fluid)

53
Q

Larygeal spasm

and what can cause it

A

vocal chords spasm and close
* trauma
* Intubation
* some meds

54
Q

liver functions

A
  • producing bile
  • detoxing blood
  • stores sugars
55
Q

Minute ventilation equation

A

tidal volume x ventilation frequency per minute

56
Q

narrowest portion of upper airway

adult and child

A

adult : vocal chords
child: cricoid ring

57
Q

NC

when to use

A
  • pt has low O2
  • breathing on their own
58
Q

NRB

when to use

A
  • To raise pt O2
  • pt breathing on their own
59
Q

OPQRST

A

Onset
Provoction
Quality
Radiating
Scale
Time

60
Q

Pancrease functions

A
  • makes digestive enzymes
  • insulin production
61
Q

PCR run data

Define and describe

A

Administrative info on the PCR
* EMS unit #
* call #
* Crew names and certs
* Address unit is called to

62
Q

Pertinent Negatives

A

Questions asked to rule out differential diagnosis

63
Q

Primary Assessment

A

general impression
AVPU (Mental status)
Assess the airway.
Assess breathing.
Assess oxygenation.
Assess circulation.
Establish patient priorities.

64
Q

Raccoon eyes

A
  • Purplish Discoloration of soft tissue = one or both eyes
  • Suggests intracranial injury/basilar skull injury
  • Delayed (4-6 hours)
  • sign of skull fracture
65
Q

Res Ipsa Loquitur

A

The thing speaks for itself

66
Q

SAMPLE

A

Signs/Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past Med History
Last Oral Intake
Events leading to CC

67
Q

PCR

A

Pre-hospital Care Report

68
Q

Signs of trauma in a MVA

A

-Deformity to the vehicle greater than 20 inches
-Intrusion into the passenger compartment
-Displacement of a vehicle axle
-Rollover

69
Q

Small intestine function

A

further break down of food
nutrient absorbtion

70
Q

SOAP

A

Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan

71
Q

Spleen functions

A

*blood filtration
*Blood storage

72
Q

Steps for administering medications with medical control

A
  • Be sure information provided to medical direction is accurate and reported clearly
  • Use “echo” method
    Immediately repeat order word for word to ensure you understand instructions
  • Ask for repetition if confused
  • Don’t be afraid to question the order
73
Q

stomach functions

A

*converts food to absorbable form with gastric juices

74
Q

Define

subcutaneous emphysema

A

Air gets stuck in the tissues under skin

75
Q

Tachycardia

A

greater than 100 BPM

High heart rate

76
Q

Tachypnea

A

over 20 breaths/min

Breathing to fast

77
Q

what brain structure coordinates information from senses

A

Parietal lobes

78
Q

what brain structure regulates body temperature?

A

brainstem/hypothalamus

maintining homeostasis in the body

79
Q

what do vital sign trending tell healthcare workers

A

Reveals the condition of the patient over time allowing for continuity of medical care

80
Q

What is not included in a PCR

A

Radio codes
Abbreviations
Slang

81
Q

what nerve controls the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

82
Q

When is scene size-up complete?

A

It is an ongoing process that does not end after you make contact with the patient

83
Q

What symptoms can tell you to start PPV

A

Below 12 RR
Over 30 RR
HR below 60
pt unresponsive
cyanosis

84
Q

Who monitors radio frequencies

A

The federal communications commission

85
Q

what causes

Wheezing

what does it sound like

A

swelling constriction of lower airways

High pitched exhalation but can also be heard during inhalation

86
Q

What causes

Snoring

How to correct

A

Tongue or Epiglottis bloacking airway

Head tilt chin lift

87
Q

what causes

Rhonchi

what does it sound like

A

obstruction of the larger conducting airways of the respiratory tract by thick secretions of mucus
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, aspiration, and pneumonia

coarse crackles, are snoring or rattling noises heard on auscultation

sound changes if person coughs/changes position

88
Q

what causes

Rales

What does it sound like

Where do you Auscultate to hear this?

A

fluid that has surrounded or filled the alveoli or small bronchioles
pulmonary edema or pneumonia

bubbly or crackling sounds heard during inhalation

posterior base of lungs

89
Q

What causes

Crowing/stridor

What does it sound like?

How to correct

A

swelling or muscle spasms that result from conditions
airway infections, allergic reactions, or burns to the upper airway

high-pitched sounds produced on inspiration

typically cannot be relieved by manual maneuvers, suctioning, or insertion of an airway adjunct. BVM

90
Q

What causes

Gurgling

How to correct

A

liquid substance in airway

Suction Airway

91
Q

Crowing/stridor

In pediatrics

what do?

A

airway adjunct, suction tip, tongue blade, or fingers into the mouth or throat of a pediatric patient with a suspected upper airway infection = extremely dangerous spasm and complete airway obstruction.

BVM with O2

92
Q

When to PPV with supplimental O2?

A

Inadequate rate or inadequate tidal
volume
=
inadequate
breathing

93
Q

procedure to check for circulation

A

Pulse
Possible major bleeding
Skin color, temperature, and condition
Capillary refill

94
Q

What did the fish say when he ran into a wall?

A

Dam

95
Q

where is the memory center of the brain

A

Cerebrum

96
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

Pull of fluid back into a capillary

97
Q

What condition is most likely to cause acidosis

A

Depressed resperations

98
Q

Pivot joint example

A

Where radius and ulna meet humerus

99
Q

Joint types

A
100
Q

Fd02

A

Frequency of delivered O2

101
Q

what ppe do you need for pt with HIV

A

Gloves and eyewear

102
Q

involuntary/smooth muscle are found in the walls of whichc type of structure

A

heart and brain

103
Q

Bodies immediate response for acute bleed

A

increase pulse pressure to promote better circulation of O2

104
Q

what is your first action if you cannot locate a radial pulse?

A

Locate carotid pulse

105
Q

orthopnea

A

inability to breath or shortness of breath while lying down

106
Q

ascites

A

Fluid accumulation in the abdomen

107
Q

Steps of reassessment

A
  • repeat primary assess.
  • reassess/record vitals
  • repeat secondary assess.
  • check interventions
  • note trends in pt condition
108
Q

Emergency move

A

immediate danger to pt or rescuer

109
Q

Emergent Move

A

pt has immediate threat to life and nneds to be moved quickly in order to give care

110
Q

non urgent move

A

no immediate threat to life. pt can be moved in a normal manner when ready for transport

EMT (41 decks)

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