Blood and Immune 9 Flashcards
(182 cards)
1
Q
pathogens
A
disease-causing agents
2
Q
erythrocytes
A
(red blood cells) are biconcave discs with no nucleus
3
Q
leukocytes
A
(white blood cells) colorless cells that circulate in body fluids
4
Q
platelets
A
(thrombocytes) cell fragments without a nucleus
5
Q
plasma
A
(fluid matrix of blood) contains proteins and other solutes
6
Q
albumin
A
main protein in plasma
7
Q
fibrinogen
A
blood clotter in plasma
8
Q
globulins
A
antibodies in plasma
9
Q
serum
A
plasma without fibrinogen
10
Q
blood is made up of
A
45% formed elements and 55% plasma
11
Q
blood
A
fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients to the tissues
12
Q
formed elements
A
blood cells and cellular fragments
13
Q
packed cell volume
A
the volume of blood cells in a sample after it has been centrifuged; normally about 45% of the blood sample
14
Q
plasma
A
liquid portion of blood that carries formed elements, clotting factors, electrocytes, and proteins
15
Q
serum
A
liquid portion of blood left after removing the clotting factors and blood cells
16
Q
bone marrow
A
soft tissue within medullary cavities of bone, with multiple functions including the production of blood cells
17
Q
erythropoietin (EPO)
A
hormone released by kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow
18
Q
hemopoiesis; hematopoisis
A
formation of various types of blood cells and other formed elements
19
Q
lymphatic system
A
network of vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic organs that plays a role in immunity by collecting lymph
20
Q
lymph
A
colorless liquid containing white blood cells that drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream
21
Q
lymph node
A
bean-shaped body in which lymph is filtered and lymphocytes are formed
22
Q
spleen
A
vascular lymphatic organ responsible for filtering blood, destroying old red blood cells, producing red blood cells before birth, and storing blood
23
Q
erythrocyte; red blood cell
A
red blood cell that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
24
Q
hemoglobin (HGB, Hb, Hgb)
A
protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen; gives red blood cells the characteristic color
25
iron (Fe)
essential trace element necessary for hemoglobin to transport oxygen in red blood cells
26
macrocyte
a large red blood cell
27
Rh factor
protein substance present in the red blood cells of most people (85%); it is capable of inducing antigenic reactions
28
leukocytes; white blood cells (WBC)
largest blood cell; protects against pathogens, foreign substances, and cellular debris
29
granulocyte
white blood cell with visible granules; the three types pf granulocytes are named according to the type of dye to which each is attracted
30
neutrophil
type of granulocyte that fights against bacterial infections; stains a neutral pink; 60-70% of circulating WBCs
31
eosinophil
type of granulocyte that functions in allergic reactions and against parasites; stains red; 2-4% of circulating WBCs
32
basophil
type of granulocyte that releases histamine in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses; stains a dark blue with a basic dye; 0.5-1.0% of circulating WBCs
33
agranulocyte
white blood cell without clearly visible granules
34
lymphocyte
type of agranulocyte that circulates in the lymphatic system and is active in immunity; 20-25% of circulating WBCs
35
B lymphocyte; B cell
white blood cell that, when in contact with a foreign antigen, produces antibodies to inactivate the antigen
36
T lymphocyte; T cell
white blood cell that matures in the thymus and specializes in creating immune response
37
monocyte
largest type of white blood cell; 3-8% of circulating WBCs
38
macrophage
enlarged and matured monocyte active in phagocytes (eating and destroying)
39
platelets (PLT); thrombocytes
cellular fragments in the blood that stick together, forming a clot
40
clotting factors
any of the various plasma components involved in the clotting process
41
coagulation
clotting; changing from a liquid to a solid state
42
fibrin
elastic fiber protein needed in clotting and derived from fibrinogen
43
fibrinogen
plasma protein that is converted into solid threads called fibrin
44
antibody (Ab)
soldier-like protein that protects the body and inactivates antigens; provides immunity against specific substances and microorganisms
45
antigen (Ag)
agent of substance that provokes an immune response
46
histamine
substance released by damaged cells that increases blood flow to the area, causing an inflammatory response (inflammation) involving heat, redness, swelling, and pain
47
immune response
the body's reaction to an antigen
48
immunity
protection against disease
49
pathogen
any virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease
50
phagocytosis
cellular process of eating and destroying substances, usually by the neutrophils and macrophages
51
chrom/o, chromat/o
color
52
cyt/o
cell
53
erythr/o
red
54
granul/o
granules
55
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
56
immun/o
immune, safe
57
leuk/o
white
58
lymph/o
lymph
59
neutr/o
neutral
60
nucle/o
nucleus
61
path/o
disease
62
phag/o
eat, swallow
63
phleb/o
vein
64
plas/o
formation, growth
65
thromb/o
blood clot
66
auto-
self, same
67
basi-, baso-
base
68
macro-
large, long
69
micro-
small
70
mono-
one
71
pro-
before, promoting
72
poly-
many, much
73
-cyte
cell
74
-emia
blood (condition of)
75
-sis
condition, process
76
-gen
origin, production
77
-lysis
destruction, breakdown, separation
78
-osis
abnormal condition
79
-penia
deficiency
80
-philia
attraction of, liking
81
-poiesis
production, formation
82
-rrhage
flowing forth
83
-y
condition of
84
autoimmunity
pertaining to one's immune system attacking its own tissues or cells
85
cytopathic
pertaining to a disease or disorder of a cell or cellular component
86
hemopoietic; hematopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells
87
hemolytic
pertaining to the rupture or destruction of red blood cells
88
hemorrhagic
pertaining to profuse or excessive bleeding
89
hemostasis
stopping blood flow or arresting bleeding
90
hypersensitive
condition of excessive response or an exaggerated sensitivity to a stimulus
91
Inflammatory
pertaining to heat, redness, swelling, and pain in response to tissue injury
92
predisposition
condition of being susceptible to disease
93
proliferative
growing and increasing in number of similar cells
94
rejection
immunologic response of incompatibility to a transplanted organ or tissue
95
systemic
pertaining to the whole body
96
virulent
denotes an extremely toxic pathogen
97
anemia
condition in which the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed cell volume is lower than normal
98
aplastic anemia
disorder in which the bone marrow does not produce enough red blood cells
99
iron deficiency anemia
disorder in which hemoglobin is unable to transport oxygen due to a lack of iron
100
pernicious anemia
disorder in which the number of red bloods cells decreases with simultaneous enlargement of individual cells (macrocytes) due to an inability to absorb vitamin B12
101
hemorrhagic anemia
blood loss anemia; disorder involving lack of red blood cells due to profuse blood loss
102
thalassemia
disorder caused by a genetic defect resulting in low hemoglobin production
103
sickle cell anemia
disorder caused by a genetic defect resulting in abnormal hemoglobin causing a sickle-shaped red blood cells, which have difficulty moving through small capillary vessels
104
autoimmune disease
condition in which the immune system attacks normal body tissues
105
hemophilia
bleeding disorder due to a deficiency of a clotting factor
105
clotting disorder
condition characterized by an inability of blood to coagulate
106
thrombocytopenia
disorder involving low levels of platelets in the blood
107
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
disorder resulting from platelet destruction by macrophages characterized by bruising and bleeding from mucous membranes
108
von Willebrand disease (vWD)
bleeding disorder characterized by a tendency to bleed primarily from the mucous membranes due to a deficiency of clotting factor
109
hemochromatosis
excessive absorption and storage of dietary iron in body tissues causing dysfunction
110
mononucleosis
increase of mononuclear leukocytes with symptoms of fever, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, and fatigue
111
pancytopenia
deficiency in all types of blood cells
112
polycythemia
increase in number of red blood cells
113
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
autoimmune disease causing progressive changes and inflammation in multiple joints, especially in the hands and feet
114
septicemia
spread of microorganisms or toxins through circulating blood
115
Sjögren sydrome
chronic autoimmune disease characterized by degeneration of the salivary and lacrimal glands causing dryness of the mouth and eyes and other mucous membranes
116
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
inflammatory, autoimmune, connective tissue disease that can affect all organ systems
117
thrombosis
abnormal presence of clotting within a blood vessel
118
albumin
measurement of this protein level; used to diagnose liver or kidney problems, inflammation, malnutrition, or dehydration
119
bilirubin
screen for liver disorders or anemia; bile, found in bilirubin, is a yellow pigment formed from hemoglobin, and excess is associated with jaundice (abnormal yellowing of the skin)
120
blood smear
evaluation of the appearance and number of blood cells and the different types of white blood cells
121
complete blood count (CBC); hemogram
automated count of all blood cells
122
erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR)
Time management of red blood cells settling in a test tube over one hour; used to diagnose inflammation and anemias
123
hematocrit (HCT, Hct)
percentage of red blood cells in a sample of whole blood; used to diagnose various disorders including anemia
124
hemoglobin (HGB, Hgb, Hb) test
test for the red blood cell protein responsible for binding oxygen; used to diagnose various disorders including anemia
125
platelet count (PLT)
number of platelets present; used to diagnose bleeding disorders or bone marrow disease
126
red blood count (RBC)
number of erythrocytes present; used to diagnose various disorders including anemia
127
white blood count (WBC)
number of leukocytes present; used to diagnose various disorders, including infections and diseases, and for monitoring treatment
128
crossmatching
blood typing test for compatibility between donor and recipient blood
129
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
growing a microorganism from a specimen taken from the body to determine its susceptibility to particular medications
130
prothrombin time (PT)
measurement of time for blood to clot
131
differential white blood count; differential count
test that determines the number of each type of white blood cell in a blood sample
132
antinuclear antibody (ANA) test
assessment for autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and others
133
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody test
diagnostic test for mononucleosis and evaluation of Epstein-Barr virus
134
mononucleosis spot test
assessment for mononucleosis
135
rheumatoid factor test
test for rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren syndrome
136
apheresis
infusion of a patient's own blood after certain cellular or fluid elements have been removed; used especially to remove antibodies in treating autoimmune disorders
137
blood transfusion (BT)
transfer of blood between compatible donor and recipient
138
autologous blood
blood donated for future use by same patient; usually presurgical
139
blood component therapy
transfusion of specific blood components such as packed red blood cells, plasma, or platelets
140
homologous blood
blood donated from same species for use by a compatible recipient
141
bone marrow aspiration (BMA)
removal of a small amount of fluid and cells inside the bone with a needle and syringe
142
bone marrow transplant (BMT)
transfer of bone marrow from one person to another
143
immunization; vaccination
administration of a weakened or killed pathogen, or a protein of a pathogen, to cause the immune system to create antibodies for future protection
144
immunosuppression
use of chemotherapy or immunosuppressant drugs to interfere with immune responses; usually prescribed for autoimmune disorders
145
phlebotomy; venipuncture; venotomy
incision into a vein to inject a solution or withdraw blood
146
plasmapheresis
removal and replacement of a patient's own blood after plasma has been removed and replaced with a plasma substitute
147
splenectomy
surgical removal of the spleen
148
antibiotic
drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
149
anticoagulant
drug that prevents or inhibits blood clotting
150
antihistamine
drug used to stop the effects of histamine; used especially to treat allergies
151
hemostatic agent; procoagulant
drug that stops the flow of blood within vessels
152
immune serum; antiserum
serum containing antibodies against specific antigens; used to treat specific diseases
153
immunosuppressant
drug used to suppress or reduce immune responses in organ transplant recipients or those with severe autoimmune diseases
154
thrombolytic agent
drug that dissolves a blood clot
155
vaccine
preparation composed of a weakened or killed pathogen
156
allergology
medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of allergic conditions
157
hematology
medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the blood and blood-forming organs
158
immunology
medical specialty concerned with immunity, allergy, and induced sensitivity
159
rheumatology
medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic conditions (those affect joints), arthritis, and autoimmune diseases
160
Ab
antibody
161
Ag
antigen
162
ANA
antinuclear antibody test
163
BMA
bone marrow aspiration
164
BMT
bone marrow transplant
165
BT
blood transfusion
166
CBC
complete blood count
167
C&S
culture and sensitivity
168
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
169
EPO
erythropoietin
170
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
171
Fe
iron
172
HCT, Hct, ht
hematocrit
173
HGB, Hb, Hgb
hemoglobin
174
ITP
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
175
PLT
platelet or platelet count
175
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
176
PT
prothrombin time
177
RBC
red blood cell; red blood count
178
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
179
vWD
von Willebrand disease
180
WBC
white blood cell; white blood count
