Urinary 13 Flashcards
(192 cards)
1
Q
kidney
A
one of the bean-shaped organs that remove wastes from the blood and help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body
2
Q
calyx
A
cup-like structure that drains into the renal pelvis
3
Q
renal artery
A
one of two vessels that branch off the abdominal aorta and supply the kidney with blood; left renal artery and right renal artery
4
Q
renal cortex
A
outer part of the kidney
5
Q
renal medulla
A
inner part of the kidney
6
Q
renal pelvis
A
a reservoir in each kidney that collects urine
7
Q
renal vein
A
one of two blood vessels that drain the kidney and connect to the inferior vena cava; left renal vein and right renal vein
8
Q
nephron
A
microscopic functional unit of kidney that forms urine; found in the cortex and medulla, it consists of a renal corpuscle and its associated tubule; each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons
9
Q
renal corpuscle
A
structure composed of the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
10
Q
glomerulus
A
one of several capillary clusters at the entrance of each nephron that initiate the process of filtering of the blood
11
Q
glomerular capsule; Bowman capsule
A
sac that surrounds the glomerulus (tuft of capillaries) and marks the beginning of the nephron
12
Q
afferent arteriole
A
blood vessel that supplies the nephron
13
Q
collecting duct
A
tubule that connects the nephrons to the renal pelvis
14
Q
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
A
segment of the nephron between the nephron loop and the collecting duct
15
Q
efferent arteriole
A
blood vessel that forms from the convergence of the glomerular capillaries; takes blood to capillaries of proximal convoluted tubule
16
Q
nephron loop
A
U-shaped segment of the nephron between the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule
17
Q
peritubular capillaries
A
tiny blood vessels alongside the nephrons where reabsorption and secretion between the blood and the nephron takes place
18
Q
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
A
segment of the nephron between the glomerular capsule and the nephron loop
19
Q
ureter
A
one of two narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
20
Q
urethra
A
tubular structure through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
21
Q
urinary bladder
A
muscular organ that holds the urine until it is released
22
Q
detrusor muscle
A
muscle that forms the urinary bladder
23
Q
external urethral orifice
A
opening that carries urine from the urethra to the outside of the body; external urethral meatus (opening)
24
Q
trigone of bladder
A
triangular region at the base of the urinary bladder between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra
25
urine
water, waste products, and other substances excreted by the kidneys
26
albumin/o
albumin
27
bacteri/o
bacteria
28
cyst/o
fluid-filled sac (urinary bladder)
29
enur/o
to urinate in
30
glomerul/o
glomerulus
31
glyc/o, glycos/o
glucose, sugar
32
hemat/o
blood
33
hydr/o
water, fluid
34
lith/o
stone, calculus
35
meat/o
meatus (opening)
36
nephr/o
kidney
37
noct/i
night
38
olig/o
scanty, few
39
py/o
pus
40
pyel/o
renal pelvis
41
ren/o
kidney
42
son/o
sound, sound waves
43
ureter/o
ureter
44
urethr/o
urethra
45
ur/o, urin/o
urine, urinary system/tract
46
vesicul/o, vesic/o
fluid-filled sac (urinary bladder)
47
dys-
painful, difficult, abnormal
48
gluco-
glucose (sugar)
49
poly-
many, much
50
ure-
urea, urine
51
-cele
herniation, protrusion
52
-emia
blood (condition of)
53
-iasis
condition of
54
-esis
condition of
55
-lith
stone, calculus
56
-lysis
destruction, breakdown, separation
57
-ptosis
prolapse, drooping, sagging
58
-scopy
viewing or examining with an instrument
59
-stenosis
stricture, narrowing
60
-stomy
surgical opening
61
-tripsy
crushing
62
-uria
urine, urination
63
cystic; vesical
pertaining to the urinary bladder
64
genitourinary (GU)
pertaining to the organs of reproduction and urination
65
meatal
pertaining to the meatus
66
micturate
to urinate
67
micturition
urination
68
nephric; renal
pertaining to the kidney
69
ureteral
pertaining to the ureter
70
urethral
pertaining to the urethra
71
urinary
pertaining to urine
72
urinate; void
to pass urine
73
albuminuria
presence of albumin (a blood protein) in the urine; usually a sign of disease
74
anuria
absence of urine formation; failure of the kidneys to produce urine
75
bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
76
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
77
cystocele
protrusion of the bladder
78
cystolith
stone in the bladder
79
diuresis
increased or excessive production of urine
80
dysuria
difficulty urinating; painful urination
81
end-stage renal disease (ESRD); renal failure
loss of kidney function; the final phase of chronic kidney disease
82
enuresis
involuntary urination
83
epispadias
congenital defect in which the urethral opening (orifice) is located on the upper surface of a nonerect penis
84
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
85
glucosuria; glycosuria
glucose in the urine
86
hematuria
blood in the urine
87
hydronephrosis
dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys caused by obstruction of urine flow (urine builds up) usually due to a stone or stricture; literally "water inside the kidney"
88
hydroureter
dilation or a ureter caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to a stone or stricture; literally "water inside the ureter"
89
hypospadias
congenital defect in which the urethral opening (orifice) is located on the underside of a nonerect penis
90
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
91
nephrolith; renal calculus
kidney stone
92
nephrolithiasis
presence of kidney stone
93
nephromegaly
enlargement of the kidney
94
nephroptosis
drooping of the kidney
95
nocturia
excessive urination at night
96
nocturnal enuresis
involuntary urination at night; bed-wetting
97
oliguria
scanty amount of urine
98
polycystic kidney disease
condition in which many cysts occur within and upon the kidneys, resulting in the loss of functional renal tissue
99
polyuria
excessive and frequent urination
100
proteinuria
protein in the urine
101
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
102
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
103
pyuria
pus in the urine
104
renal failure
significant decline in kidney function resulting in uremia (excess urea in the blood); two forms are acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF)
105
renal hypertension
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
106
stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
involuntary urinating during coughing, straining, or sudden movements due to loss of sphincter strength
107
stricture
narrowing of an organ
108
uremia
excess blood level of urea and other nitrogenous wastes that are normally eliminated by the kidneys
109
ureteritis
inflammation of the ureter
110
ureterocele
protrusion of the ureter into the bladder forming a sac-like pouch
111
ureterolith
stone in the ureter
112
ureterostenosis
narrowing of the ureter
113
urethral stenosis
narrowing of the urethra
114
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
115
urinary retention
abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder due to inability to empty the bladder
116
urinary supression
stoppage or reduction of urine formation
117
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection in one or more organs of the urinary system
118
urge incontinence
involuntary leakage of urine with a strong, sudden desire to urinate
119
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to evaluate kidney function
120
creatinine clearance test
test done to measure the total amount of creatinine (product of protein metabolism) excreted in the urine, usually in a 24-hour period, to assess kidney function
121
specific gravity (SG)
test to measure the concentration (density) of urine; used to evaluate the ability of the kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine
122
urinalysis
series of tests done to analyze a sample of urine
123
urinometer
instrument for measuring the specific gravity of urine
124
cystogram
radiographic (x-ray) image of the bladder filled with contrast dye
125
cystography
radiography of the bladder after injection of a radiopaque dye
126
cystometrogram (CMG)
graphic recording of urinary bladder pressure at various volumes to evaluate bladder functions
127
cystoscope
instrument for examining the bladder interior
128
cystoscopy
examination of the bladder using a cystoscope
129
intravenous pyelography (IVP); intravenous urography (IVU)
radiologic (x-ray or CT scan) examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after intravenous injection of a contrast dye
130
kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) x-ray
radiograph (x-ray) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
131
nephrogram
radiographic (x-ray) examination of the kidney after intravenous injection of a contrast dye
132
nephrography
radiography (x-ray) of the kidney
133
nephroscope
endoscope passed into the renal pelvis
134
nephroscopy
examination of the kidney(s) using a nephroscope
135
nephrosonography
examination of the kidneys using sound waves (ultrasound)
136
nephrotomogram
computed tomographic (CT) examination of the kidneys after intravenous injection of contrast dye; used to visualize renal parenchymal (connective tissue framework) abnormalities
137
renogram
assessment of kidney function by external radiation detectors after intravenous injection of a radioactive dye; note this is not an x-ray view
138
retrograde pyelogram
radiologic study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injection of a contrast dye into the ureters; retrograde means to move backward (opposite to normal flow)
139
urethroscope
instrument used for examining the urethra
140
urethroscopy
examination of the urethra using a urethroscope
141
urodynamics
diagnostic study of urine storage, bladder pressure, and urine flow throughout the urinary tract
142
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
radiologic study of the bladder and urethra during urination after filling the bladder with a contrast dye
143
catheterization (cath)
procedure of inserting a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain it of urine; a Foley catheter is an indwelling catheter with a retaining balloon to prevent it from slipping out
144
cystectomy
surgical removal of the bladder
145
cystolithotomy
incision into the bladder to remove a stone
146
cystoplasty
repair of the bladder
147
cystorrhaphy
suturing of the bladder
148
cystostomy
creating a surgical opening into the bladder
149
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
breaking up of renal or ureteral calculi by focused ultrasound energy
150
hemodialysis
removal of wastes from the blood by pumping the blood through a machine that works as an artificial kidney
151
kidney transplant; renal transplant
operation in which a donor kidney is placed into a recipient
152
lithotomy
incision made to remove a stone surgically
153
lithotripsy
crushing of a stone
154
meatotomy
incision into a meatus
155
nephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney
156
nephrolithotomy
incision into a kidney to remove a stone
157
nephrolysis
separation of the kidney from adhesions
158
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a drooping kidney
159
nephrotomy
incision into a kidney
160
peritoneal dialysis
removal of wastes from the blood or impurities from the body by using the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity as a filter
161
pylolithotomy
incision into the renal pelvis to remove a stone
162
pyeloplasty
repair of a renal pelvis
163
ureterectomy
excision of a ureter
164
ureterostomy
creation of a surgical opening into a ureter
165
ureterotomy
incision into a ureter
166
urethroplasty
repair of the urethra
167
urethrotomy
incision into the urethra
168
vesicourethral suspension
surgical elevation and support of the bladder and urethra to control stress and urinary incontinence (SUI)
169
antibacterial
drug used to destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria
170
antibiotic
drug that kills or inhabits the growth of microorganisms
171
diuretic
drug that increases the amount of urine secreted
172
urinary analgesic
drug used to relieve pain within the urinary system
173
nephrology
medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of kidney conditions
174
urology
medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of conditions of the urinary system
175
ARF
acute renal failure
176
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
177
cath
catheter; catheterize; catheterization
178
CMG
cystometrogram
179
CRF
chronic renal failure
180
DCT
distal convoluted tubule
181
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
182
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
183
GU
genitourinary
184
IVP
intravenous pyelogram; intravenous pyelography
185
IVU
intravenous urogram; intravenous urography
186
KUB
kidneys, ureters, and bladder (x-ray)
187
PCT
proximal convoluted tubule
188
SG
specific gravity
189
SUI
stress urinary incontinence
190
UA
urinalysis
191
UTI
urinary tract infection
192
VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram; voiding cystourethrography
