Respiratory 11 Flashcards
(253 cards)
1
Q
nose
A
anatomic structure at the entrance to the respiratory system that conducts, warms, humidifies, and clean inhaled air
2
Q
nasal cavity
A
the space on either side of the nasal septum extending from the nares (nostrils) to the pharynx
3
Q
nasal septum
A
dividing wall between the right and left nasal cavities
4
Q
paranasal sinuses
A
paired air-filled cavities in the bones of the face that connected to the nasal cavity; these include the frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary, and ethmoidal sinuses
5
Q
pharynx
A
throat; space between the mouth that serves as a passage for food from the mouth to the esophagus and for air from the nose and mouth to the larynx; made up of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
6
Q
adenoids
A
pharyngeal tonsil located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx that enlarges during childhood and shrinks during puberty
7
Q
tonsils
A
lymphatic structures including the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids), palatine tonsil, and lingual tonsil
8
Q
cilia
A
fine hair-like projections lining the mucous membranes
9
Q
larynx
A
air passageway located between the pharynx and the trachea that holds the vocal cords; voice box
10
Q
epiglottis
A
flap of cartilage that covers the upper region of the larynx during swallowing to prevent food or other matter from entering the lungs
11
Q
glottis
A
part of the larynx consisting of the vocal folds (vocal cords) and the slit-like opening between the folds
12
Q
trachea
A
air passage extending from the larynx into the thorax; windpipe
13
Q
bronchi
A
two main branches (left bronchus and right bronchus) off the trachea that convey air to and from the lungs
14
Q
carina
A
cartilaginous ridge at the point where the trachea divides into the two (right and left) bronchi
15
Q
alveoli
A
tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between the lungs and blood
16
Q
bronchioles
A
finer subdivisions of the bronchi located in the lungs
17
Q
lungs
A
paired organs of breathing in which blood is aerated
18
Q
lobes
A
subdivisions of the lungs: there are three on the right (upper, middle, and lower) and two on the left (upper and lower)
19
Q
pleura
A
serous membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the walls of the pulmonary (lung) cavities
20
Q
parietal layer
A
outer layer of the pleura that attaches to the chest wall; parietal pleura
21
Q
pleural cavity
A
space between the layers of the pleura
22
Q
visceral layer
A
inner layer of the pleura that attaches to the lungs; visceral pleura
23
Q
thorax
A
chest; upper trunk between the neck and abdomen; formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, and the ribs, extending to the diaphragm
24
Q
diaphragm
A
muscular partition between the abdominal and thoracic cavities; the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm causes inspiration and expiration
25
mediastinum
area of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
26
airway
any part of the respiratory tract through which air passes during breathing
26
eupnea
normal breathing
27
expiration;
exhalation; process of breathing out
28
external respiration; breathing
exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs
29
inspiration
inhalation; process of breathing in
30
internal respiration
exchange of gases between the blood and the tissues; tissue respiration
31
patent
open or unobstructed
32
respiration
the process involving the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and body cells; breathing or pulmonary ventilation
33
sputum
mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up (expectorated) from the respiratory tract; phlegm
34
ventilation
movement of gases into and out of the lungs; respiration
35
adenoid/o
adenoid
36
alveol/o
alveolus
37
aspir/o
to breath in or suck in
38
atel/o
incomplete
39
ausculat/o
listening
40
bronchi/o, bronch/o
bronchus (windpipe)
41
capn/o, capn/i
carbon dioxide
42
cost/o
rib
43
diaphragmat/o
diaphragm
44
epiglott/o
epiglottis
45
laryng/o
larynx
46
lob/o
lobe
47
mediastin/o
mediastinum (middle septum)
48
muc/o
mucus
49
nas/o
nose
50
ox/o, ox/a
oxygen
51
pector/o
chest
52
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
53
phon/o
sound, voice
54
phren/o
diaphragm
55
pleur/o
rib, side, pleura (lung)
56
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
lung, air
57
pulmon/o
lung
58
rhin/o
nose
59
sept/o
septum, thin wall
60
sinus/o
sinus, hallow space
61
spir/o
breathe
62
thorac/o
thorax, chest
63
tonsill/o
tonsil
64
trache/o
trachea
65
a-, an-
without, not
66
dys-
painful, difficult, abnormal
67
em-
in
68
eu-
good, normal
69
hypo-
below, deficient
70
in-
not
71
pan-
all, entire
72
per-
through
73
tachy-
rapid, fast
74
-algia
pain
75
-al, -ar, -ary, -ic
pertaining to
76
-cele
herniation, protrusion
77
-centesis
puncture to aspirate
78
-ectasis
dilation, stretching
79
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
80
-emia
blood (condition of)
81
-graphy
a writing, description
82
-itis
inflammation
83
-metry
measurement of
84
-phonia
condition of the voice
85
-plasty
surgical repair, reconstruction
86
-plegia
paralysis
87
-pnea
breathing
88
-rrhagia
flowing forth
89
-rrhea
flow, discharge
90
-scopy
process of examining, examination
91
-spasm
involuntary movement
92
-stomy
artificial or surgical opening
93
-tomy
incision (a cutting operation)
94
alveolar
pertaining to the alveoli
95
anoxic
pertaining to the absence of oxygen
96
apneic
pertaining to or suffering from apnea
97
bronchial
pertaining to the bronchus
98
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm
99
endotracheal
pertaining to within the trachea
100
hypoxic
pertaining to a low level of oxygen
101
intercostal
pertaining to the area between the ribs
102
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
103
lobar
pertaining to any lobe of the lungs
104
mediastinal
pertaining to the mediastinum
105
mucous
pertaining to mucus or a mucous membrane
106
nasal
pertaining to the nose
107
pectoral
pertaining to the chest
108
pharyngeal
pertaining to the pharynx
109
phrenic
pertaining to the diaphragm
110
pleural
pertaining to the pleura
111
pleuritic
pertaining to pleurisy
112
pulmonary
pertaining to the lungs
113
respiratory
pertaining to respiration
114
thoracic
pertaining to the thorax (chest)
115
tonsillar
pertaining to the tonsil
116
tracheal
pertaining to the trachea
117
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
respiratory failure that can occur with underlying illnesses or injury
118
aphonia
loss of the voice as a result of disease or injury to the larynx
119
apnea
absence of breathing
120
asthma
chronic severe breathing disorder characterized by attacks of wheezing due to inflammation and narrowing of the airways
121
atelectasis
decrease or loss of air in the lung, causing loss of lung volume and possible lung collapse
122
bronchiectasis
an irreversible widening of portions of the bronchi resulting from damage to the airway wall
123
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
124
bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP)
non-infectious pneumonia characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles and surrounding lung tissue
125
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
general term used for disorders with permanent or temporary narrowing of small bronchi, in which forced expiratory flow is slowed
126
Cheyne-Strokes respiration
respiratory pattern that involves alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing
127
croup
acute obstruction of the upper airway in infants and children characterized by a barking cough with difficult and noisy respiration
128
cystic fibrosis (CF)
inherited disorder characterized by the production of thick mucus that blocks the internal passages, including the bronchi and lungs, often resulting in respiratory infection
129
diaphragmatocele
hernia (abnormal protrusion) of the diaphragm
130
dysphonia
altered voice production; difficulty speaking due to vocal cord disorder
131
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
132
emphysema
chronic lung disorder characterized by enlarged alveoli (air sacs)
133
empyema
localized collection of pus in the thoracic cavity resulting from an infection in the lungs
134
epistaxis
bleeding from the nose
135
hemothorax
blood in the pleural cavity
136
hypoxemia
decreased level of oxygen in the blood
137
hypoxia
decreased level of oxygen in the tissues
138
influenza; flu
an acute contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses
139
interstitial lung disease (ILD); pulmonary fibrosis
a group of chronic lung disorders affecting the tissue between the air sacs of the lungs causing irreversible inflammation and fibrosis (scarring)
140
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
141
laryngospasm
involuntary movement of the larynx
142
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nasal cavity and pharynx
143
orthopnea
discomfort in breathing that is brought on or aggravated by lying flat
144
pansinusitis
inflammation of all sinuses
145
pertussis; whooping cough
an acute infectious inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis
146
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
147
pleural effusion
collection of fluid or blood in the pleural space around the lung
148
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
149
pneumonia
bacterial infection and inflammation within the lobes of the lungs
150
bacterial pneumonia
pneumonia caused by a bacterial infection
151
bronchopneumonia
infection of the smaller bronchial tubes of the lungs
152
lobar pneumonia
pneumonia affecting one or more lobes of the lung, often due to bacterial infection, such as infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae
153
pneumococcal pneumonia
form of pneumonia caused by the bacterial species Streptococcus pneumoniae
154
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lungs
155
pneumothorax
the presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity causing collapse of the lung
156
pulmonary edema
buildup of fluid in the lungs
157
pulmonary embolism
obstruction of the pulmonary circulation by a blood clot
158
rales
crackling or bubbling lung noises heard on inspiration that indicate fibrosis or fluid in the alveoli
159
reactive airway disease (RAD)
respiratory condition characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath (SOB), and coughing after exposure to an irritant
160
respiratory failure (RF)
condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low and/or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high
161
rhinitis
inflammation of the mucous membranes within the nasal cavity
162
rhonchi
abnormal whistling, humming, or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration
163
rubs
friction sounds in the lungs caused by inflammation of the pleura
164
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinus
165
stridor
a whistling sound heard on inspiration that indicates partial obstruction of the trachea or larynx
166
tachypnea
abnormally rapid breathing
167
tonsillitis
inflammation of one or both tonsils
168
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
169
tracheorrhagia
bleeding from the lining of the trachea
170
tuberculosis (TB)
infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium that attacks the lungs and is spread through the air from one person to another
171
upper respiratory infection (URI)
acute infection involving the nose, sinuses, or pharynx; cold
172
wheeze
whistling or squeaking breath sound made as a result of airway obstruction
173
acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear
clinical test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, the bacteria that cause tuberculosis
174
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present
175
purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test
skin test used to determine whether the patient has developed an immune response to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis
176
chest radiograph (CXR)
radiographic image (x-ray) of chest used to evaluate the lungs and the heart
177
computed tomography (CT) scan
x-ray technique producing computer-generated cross-scetional images
178
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures; often used to diagnose lung disorders
179
radiography
examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of x-rays, with the record of the finding exposed onto photographic film
180
ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
test used to assess distribution of blood flow and ventilation through both lungs; V=ventilation: the air that reaches the alveoli, and Q=perfusion: the blood the reaches the alveoli
181
auscultation
physical examination method of listening to body sounds using a stethoscope
182
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
procedure performed during bronchoscopy to collect cells of the alveoli; saline solution is instilled into distal bronchi, that solution is then withdrawn along the alveolar cells
183
bronchoscopy
examination of the trachea and bronchial tree through a bronchoscope
184
endoscopy
examination of the interior of the body by means of a special instrument called an endoscope
185
laryngoscopy
endoscopic examination of the larynx
186
nasopharyngoscopy
endoscopic examination of the nasal passages and the pharynx
187
peak flow monitoring
test that measures the rate of air flow, or how fast air is able to pass through the airways
188
percussion
physical examination method of tapping over the body the elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity, such as the chest
189
pharyngoscopy
endoscopic examination of the pharynx
190
polysomnography
monitoring and recording normal and abnormal activity during sleep, including neural and respiratory functions
191
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
group of tests performed to measure breathing; used to determine respiratory function or abnormalities; useful in distinguishing chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases from asthma
192
pulse oximetry
measurement of oxygen saturation in the blood
193
rhinoscopy
endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity
194
spirometry
procedure for measuring air flow and volume or air inspired and expired by the lungs using a device called a spirometer
195
thoracoscopy
endoscopic examination of the thorax done through a small opening in the chest wall
196
video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)
thoracic surgery performed using endoscopic cameras, optical systems, and displays screens, as well as specially designed surgical instruments, which enables surgeons to view the inside of the chest cavity and remove tissue to test for disease
197
adenoidectomy
operation to remove adenoid tissue from the nasopharynx
198
aspiration
removal of accumulated fluid by suction
199
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of the bronchus
200
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
medical procedure to ventilate the lungs and artificially circulate the blood if a patient has stopped breathing and the heart has stopped
201
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy
breathing apparatus the pumps constant pressurized air through the nasal passages via a mask to keep the airway patent (open)
202
endotracheal intubation
medical procedure in which a tube is passed through the mouth into the trachea to maintain the airway during anesthesia or to establish an airway for breathing purposes
203
hyperbaric medicine
medicinal use of high barometric pressure, usually in specially constructed chambers, to increase oxygen content of blood and tissues
204
incentive spirometry
medical procedure to encourage patients to breathe deeply by using a portable plastic device called a spirometer that gives visual feedback as the patient inhales forcefully
205
laryngectomy
excision of the larynyx
206
laryngotracheotomy
incision into the larynx and trachea
207
lobectomy
excision of a lobe (of the lung)
208
mechanical ventilation
use of an automatic mechanical device to perform all or part of the work of breathing
209
pneumonectomy
removal of an entire lung
210
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
211
septoplasty
surgical repair of the (nasal) septum
212
sinusotomy
surgical operation in which an incision is made into a sinus to prevent or reduce inflammation
213
thoracentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity
214
thoracotomy
incision through the chest wall
215
tonsillectomy
surgical removal of the tonsil(s)
216
tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
217
tracheostomy; tracheotomy
an operation to make an opening into the trachea
218
tracheostomy tube
breathing tube inserted into a tracheotomy
219
antibiotic
drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
220
antihistamine
drug used to stop the effects of histamine in the respiratory tract
221
antitubercular drug
antibiotic used in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis; used to lower the risk of getting tuberculosis in people who may be exposed to the disease
222
antitussive
drug used to prevent or relive a cough
223
bronchodilator
drug that dilates the bronchial tube, allowing air to pass through and relieving breathing difficulties
224
corticosteroid
drug that reduces bronchial inflammation and airway obstruction and thereby improves lung function
225
decongestant
drug that relieves congestion by reducing tissue swelling in the nasal passage and blood vessels
226
expectorant
drug that helps bring up mucus and other material from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea to be coughed up and out; also helps to lubricate the irritated respiratory tract
227
nebulizer; atomizer
device for administering a drug by spraying a fine mist into the nose
228
otorhinolaryngology
medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (pharynx and larynx)
229
pulmonology
medical specialty concerned with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract
230
ABG
arterial blood gas
231
AFB
acid-fast bacilli
232
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
233
BAL
bronchoalveolar lavage
234
BOOP
bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia
235
CF
cystic fibrosis
236
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
237
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
238
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
239
CT
computed tomography (scan)
240
CXR
chest x-ray
241
ILD
interstitial lung disease
242
INH
isoniazid; isonicotinic acid hydrazide
243
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
244
PFTs
pulmonary function tests
245
PPD
purified protein derivative
246
RAD
reactivity airway disease
247
RF
respiratory failure
248
SOB
shortness of breath
249
TB
tuberculosis
250
URI
upper respiratory infection
251
V/Q
ventilation-perfusion (scan)
252
VATS
video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
