Musculoskeletal 5 Flashcards
(306 cards)
1
Q
what does the musculoskeletal system do?
A
maintains posture, protects vital organs, stores minerals, and generates heat
2
Q
how many bones does the body have?
A
206
3
Q
axial skeleton
A
bones of the head, neck, and trunk
4
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
bones of the arms, legs, and girdles
5
Q
bones meet at what
A
joints
6
Q
bones function
A
storing calcium and other minerals
7
Q
red blood marrow function
A
producing blood cells
8
Q
muscles function
A
producing heat
9
Q
bone marrow
A
soft tissue within bone
10
Q
compact bone
A
harder, denser bone
11
Q
diaphysis
A
the shaft of a long bone
12
Q
endosteum
A
membrane lining the central medullary cavity
13
Q
epiphysis
A
the wider ends of a longer bone
14
Q
epiphysial plate
A
the growth area of a long bone
15
Q
medullary cavity
A
space within a long bone’s shaft filled with bone marrow
16
Q
metaphysis
A
section of a long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis
17
Q
osteoblast
A
bone-forming cell
18
Q
osteoclast
A
bone-destroying cell
19
Q
osteocyte
A
mature bone cell
20
Q
periosteum
A
fibrous membrane surrounding a bone
21
Q
spongy bone
A
mesh-like bone tissue
22
Q
thorax
A
chest
23
Q
acetabulum
A
the socket of the hip bone where the femur articulates
24
Q
acromion
A
lateral upper section of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle
25
calcaneus
heel bone
26
carpal bones
the eight bones of the wrist
27
clavicle
collar bone
28
cranium
the skull
29
femur
thigh bone
30
fibula
smaller, lateral bone of the lower leg
31
hip bone; pelvic bone
large flat bone composed of three fused bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis) on each side
32
ilium
superior broad part of the hip bone
33
ischium
inferior, rearmost part of the hip bone
34
pubis
anterior lower section of the hip bone; pubic bone
35
humerus
upper arm bone
36
hyoid
U-shaped bone that supports the tongue
37
lamina
posterior section of the vertebral arch
38
mandible
lower jawbone
39
maxilla
upper jawbone
40
metacarpal bones
the five bones of the hand between the wrist and fingers
41
metatarsal bones
the five bones of the foot between the ankle and toes
42
patella
kneecap
43
phalanges
bones of the fingers and toes
44
radius
outer forearm bone
45
ribs
long curved bones that form the bony walls of the chest
46
scapula
shoulder blade
47
sternum
anterior bone of thorax; breast bone
48
tarsal bones
the seven bones of the ankle
49
tibia
larger inner bone of the lower leg; shin bone
50
ulna
inner forearm bone
51
vertebra
bone of the vertebral column (spine)
52
cervical vertebrae
7
53
thoracic vertebrae
12
54
lumbar vertebrae
5
55
sacrum
triangular bone consisting of five fused vertebrae inferior to the lumbar spine
56
coccyx
three to five fused vertebrae at the inferior end of the spine; tailbone
57
xiphoid process
lower section of the sternum
58
articulation
the site where bones come together; joint
59
bursa
a fluid-filled fibrous sac within some joints
60
cartilage
dense connective tissue attached to bone in many joints
61
synovial joint
a joint that moves freely and contains synovial fluid in its cavity
62
intervertebral disc
mass of fibrocartilage between adjacent vertebrae
63
ligament
band of strong connective tissue that connects bones or cartilage at a joint
64
meniscus
cartilage structure in the knee
65
suture
immovable fibrous joint found joining the skull bones
66
symphysis
joint that moves only slightly
67
synovial fluid
lubricating fluid in a freely moveable joint
68
tendon
band of fibrous connective tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
69
abduction
moving away from the body's midline
70
adduction
moving toward the body's midline
71
circumduction
moving in a circular manner, as when throwing a ball
72
inversion
turning the foot sole inward
73
eversion
turning the foot sole outward
74
dorsiflexion
bending the foot upward toward the tibia
75
plantar flexion
bending the foot downward to point the toes
76
extension
motion that increases the joint angle
77
flexion
motion that decreases the joint angle
78
pronation
turning the palm downward or the foot sole outward
79
supination
turning the palm upward or the foot sole upward
80
rotation
moving in circular direction around an axis
81
what are the three muscle tissues?
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
82
tendons
attach muscles to bones
83
agonist
skeletal muscle that creates a movement by contracting
84
antagonist
skeletal muscle that opposes an agonist muscle and relaxes when the agonist contracts
85
cardiac muscle
heart muscle
86
fascia
sheet of connective tissue covering a muscle
87
fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
88
insertion of muscle
end of muscle attached to bone that moves during contraction
89
origin of muscle
end of muscle attached to bone that does not move during contraction
90
smooth muscle
nonstriated, voluntary muscle tissue lining organs and blood vessels
91
skeletal muscle
striated, voluntary muscle tissue attached to bones
92
tonicity
muscle tone
93
ankyl/o
stiff
94
anthr/o, articul/o
joint
95
burs/o
bursa
96
carp/o
carpal (wrist) bones
97
chondr/o
cartilage
98
clavic/o, clavicul/o
clavicle
99
cervi/o
neck
100
cost/o
rib
101
crani/o
cranium, skull
102
disc/o
disc or disk
103
fasci/o
fascia, band
104
femor/o
femur
105
fibul/o
fibula
106
humer/o
humerus
107
ili/o
ilium
108
ischi/o
ischium
109
kinesi/o, kinet/o
movement
110
kyph/o
humpback
111
lei/o
smooth
112
lamin/o
lamina (plate)
113
lord/o
curved, bent
114
lumb/o
lumbar region, lower back
115
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone)
116
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jawbone)
117
menisc/o
meniscus
118
my/o, mys/o, muscul/o
muscle
119
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
120
oste/o
bone
121
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
122
pelv/i, pelv/o
pelvis, pelvic cavity
123
phalang/o
phalanges (bones of digits)
124
pub/o
pubis
125
rachi/o
spine
126
radi/o
radius
127
rhabd/o
striated muscle
128
sacr/o
sacrum
129
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
130
scoli/o
crooked, twisted
131
stern/o
sternum (breast bone)
132
synovi/o
synovial joint or fluid
133
tars/o
tarsal bones
134
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
135
thorac/o
thorax, chest
136
ton/o
tone, tension
137
uln/o
ulna
138
vertebr/o, spondyl/o
vertebra
139
inter-
between
140
intra-
within
141
supra-
above
142
sub-
below, beneath
143
sym-, syn-
together, with
144
-algia
pain
145
-asthenia
weakness
146
-centesis
puncture to aspirate
147
-clasia, -clasis, -clast
to break
148
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
149
-itis
inflammation
150
-osis
abnormal condition
151
-physis
growth
152
-plasty
surgical repair, reconstruction
153
-porosis
pore, passage
154
-rrhaphy
suture
155
-schisis
to split
156
-trophy
development, nourishment
157
carpal
pertaining to the carpal bones
158
costovertebral
pertaining to the ribs and thoracic vertebrae
159
cranial
pertaining to the skull
160
femoral
pertaining to the femur
161
humeral
pertaining to the humerus
162
iliofemoral
pertaining to the ilium and femur
163
intercostal
pertaining to the area between the ribs
164
intervertebral
pertaining to the area between vertebrae
165
intracranial
pertaining to the area within the skull
166
ischiofemoral
pertaining to the ischium and femur
167
lumbar
pertaining to the lower back
168
lumbocostal
pertaining to lumbar vertebrae and ribs
169
lumbosacral
pertaining to lumbar vertebrae and sacrum
170
osseous
pertaining to bone
171
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis or pelvic cavity
172
sacral
pertaining to sacrum
173
sacrovertebral
pertaining to the sacrum and the vertebrae above
174
sternoclavicular
pertaining to the sternum and clavicle
175
sternoid
resembling the sternum
176
subcostal
pertaining to the area below a rib or below the ribs
177
submandibular
pertaining to the area below the mandible
178
submaxillary
pertaining to the area below the maxilla
179
subscapular
pertaining to the area below the scapula
180
substernal
pertaining to the area below the sternum
181
suprapatellar
pertaining to the area above the patella
182
suprascapular
pertaining to the area above the scapula
183
synovial
pertaining to, containing, or consisting of synovial fluid
184
ankylosing spondylitis
arthritis of the spine
185
ankylosis
abnormal condition of stiffening or fixation of a joint
186
arthralgia
pain in a joint
187
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
188
arthrochondritis
inflammation of an articular cartilage
189
atrophy
wasting of tissues, organs, or the entire body
190
bradykinesia
condition of decreased movement
191
bunion
swelling at the metatarsophalangeal joint caused by inflammatory bursa
192
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
193
bursolith
a calculus (stone) formed in a bursa
194
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
entrapment of the median nerve at the wrist causing pain
195
carpoptosis
paralysis of wrist and finger muscles
196
chondromalacia
softening of any cartilage
197
cranioschisis
congenital malformation of incomplete closure of the skull
198
curvature of the spine
curving of the spine in one or more directions
199
kyphosis
abnormal forward curvature; humpback
200
lordosis
abnormal backward curvature
201
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature
202
dyskinesia
difficulty performing voluntary movements
203
dystrophy
abnormal development or growth of a tissue or organ, often resulting from nutritional deficiency
204
exostosis
bony projection that develops from cartilage
205
fibromyalgia
condition of chronic aching and stiffness of muscles and soft tissues of unknown cause
206
fracture (fx)
a break in a bone or cartilage
207
gout
metabolic disorder involving painful deposits of uric acid crystals in connective tissue and articular cartilage
208
herniated disc
protrusion of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc into the vertebral canal
209
hyperkinesia
condition of excessive muscular movements
210
hypertrophy
increased development of a part or organ not caused by a tumor
211
maxillitis
inflammation of the maxilla
212
meniscitis
inflammation of a meniscus
213
muscular dystrophy (MD)
hereditary condition causing progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles
214
myalgia
condition of muscular pain
215
myasthenia gravis (MG)
neuromuscular disorder causing weakness and fatigue of voluntary muscles
216
myositis
inflammation of a muscle
217
osteitis
inflammation of bone
218
osteoarthritis
joint inflammation involving erosion and inflammation of articular cartilage
219
osteochondritis
inflammation of a bone and its articular cartilage
220
osteomalacia
condition of bone softening
221
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone marrow
222
osteonecrosis
death of bone tissue
223
osteoporosis
are-related disorder of decreased bone mass and weakening
224
polymyositis
inflammation of multiple voluntary muscles
225
rachischisis
embryologic failure of vertebral arches to fuse
226
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
disease causing progressive destructive changes and inflammation in multiple joints, especially in the hands and feet
227
rickets
disease caused by vitamin D deficiency during childhood, involving skeletal deformities and muscular weakness
228
spondylarthritis
inflammation of intervertebral articulations
229
sprain
injury of a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive forces on a joint
230
strain
injury of a muscle caused by overuse
231
tendonitis, tendinitis
inflammation of tendon
232
tenodynia
condition of pain in a tendon
233
tenosynovitis
inflammation of a tendon and its sheath
234
creatine kinase (CK)
test for the presences of the enzyme creatine kinase in the blood, which may cause muscle weakness or pain
235
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
time management of red blood cells settling in a test tube over one hour
236
rheumatoid factor (RF)
blood test used to. help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis
237
synovial fluid analysis
test for the presence of crystals caused by some conditions, such as arthritis, and the presence of signs of joint infection
238
uric acid test
test for elevated presence of uric acid in the blood, indicating gout
239
arthography
x-ray imaging of a joint using a contrast dye
240
arthroscopy
endoscopic examination of the interior of a joint
241
bone densitometry
x-ray technique for determining density of bone
242
bone scan
nuclear medicine imaging of bone used to diagnose bone disorders
243
computed tomography (CT)
x-ray technique that produces computer-generated cross-sectional images
244
electromyogram (EMG)
diagnostic test that produces a graphic record of electric currents associated with muscular action
245
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures
246
radiography
examination of any part of the body by x-rays
247
range of motion (ROM) testing
measurement of the amount of movement allowed in a joint
248
arthrocentesis
needle puncture to remove fluid from a joint
249
arthroclasia
surgical breaking of adhesions (abnormal unions of membranes) in ankylosis
250
arthrodesis
surgical artificial stiffening of a joint
251
arthroplasty
surgical restoration of joint function
252
bursectomy
excision of a bursa
253
carpectomy
excision of part or all of the carpal bones
254
chondrectomy
excision of cartilage
255
chondroplasty
surgical repair of cartilage
256
costectomy
excision of a rib
257
cranioplasty
surgical repair of the skull
258
craniotomy
surgical creation of an opening (incision) into the skull
259
discectomy
surgical removal of part or all of an intervertebral disc
260
laminectomy
excision of a vertebral lamina
261
laminotomy
enlargement of the intervertebral foramen by excision of a portion of the lamina to relieve spinal nerve root pressure
262
maxillotomy
surgical sectioning of the maxilla to allow movement in all or part of the maxilla
263
meniscectomy
excision of a menscious, usually from the knee joint
264
myoplasty
surgical repair of muscular tissue
265
myorrhaphy
suture of a muscle
266
open reduction
surgical repair of a fracture by making an incision into the skin and muscle at the site of the fracture, manually moving the bones into alignment, and fixing the bones in place with surgical wires, screws, pins, rods, or plates
267
ostectomy
excision of bone tissue
268
osteoclasis
intentional fracture of a bone to correct deformity
269
patellectomy
excision of the patella
270
phalangectomy
excision of one or more phalanges of the hand or foot
271
reduction
manipulative or surgical procedure to restore a part to its normal position, such as by reducing a fracture
272
spondylosyndesis
surgical procedure to create ankylosis between two or more vertebrae
273
synovectomy
excision of part or all of a joint's synovial membrane
274
tarsectomy
excision of part or all of the tarsal bones
275
tenorrhaphy
suture of the divided ends of a tendon
276
traction
a pulling force exerted on a limb or other part of the body to maintain a desired position for healing
277
orthosis
external orthopedic device, such as a brace or splint
278
prosthetic
artificial body part
279
analgesic
a drug that relieves pain without producing anesthesia
280
corticosteroid
a drug that reduces inflammation around joints
281
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)
a drug (aspirin or ibuprofen) with anti inflammatory action
282
skeletal muscle relaxant
a drug that relaxes skeletal muscle spasms and spasticity
283
chiropractic
health care discipline involving physical manipulation of musculoskeletal structures
284
orthopedics
medical speciality focusing on diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system
285
orthotics
the science of making and fitting orthopedic devices
286
osteopathy
school of medicine emphasizing manipulative measures in addition to techniques of conventional medicine
287
podiatry
medical speciality focusing on diagnosis and treatment of foot disorders
288
rheumatology
medical speciality focusing on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of joint conditions
289
C1-C7
cervical vertebrae 1-7
290
CK
creatine kinase
291
CT
computed tomography
292
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
293
EMG
electromyogram
294
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
295
Fx
fracture
296
L1-L5
lumbar vertebrae 1-5
297
MD
muscular dystrophy
298
MG
myasthenia gravis
299
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
300
NSAID
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug
301
OA
osteoarthritis
302
ORIF
open reduction, internal fixation
303
RA
rheumatoid athritis
304
RF
rheumatoid factor
305
ROM
range of motion
306
T1-T12
thoracic 1-12
