Cardiovascular and Lymphatic 10 Flashcards
(241 cards)
1
Q
cardiac cycle
A
one complete heartbeat that includes contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of both atria (upper heart chambers) and both ventricles (lower heart chambers)
2
Q
cardiovascular system
A
composed of the heart and blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and carry away cellular wastes
3
Q
heart
A
hollow muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and propels blood through the arteries
4
Q
apex
A
the lower pointed end of the heart formed by the left ventricle
5
Q
coronary circulation
A
blood supply to the heart tissue
6
Q
septum
A
wall of heart tissue separating the right and left sides
7
Q
atrium
A
upper receiving chamber of the heart; right and left atria
8
Q
ventricle
A
lower pumping chamber of the heart; right and left ventricle
9
Q
endocardium
A
inner lining of the heart
10
Q
myocardium
A
middle muscular layer of the heart
11
Q
epicardium
A
outer lining of the heart
12
Q
pericardium
A
sac around the heart that facilitates movement of the heart as it beats
13
Q
aortic valve
A
heart valve between the left ventricle and aorta (main artery of the heart)
14
Q
mitral valve
A
heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve
15
Q
pulmonary valve
A
heart valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; semilunar valve
16
Q
tricuspid valve
A
heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
17
Q
blood vessels
A
tubular structures that transport blood
18
Q
capillary
A
microscopic thin-walled vessel connecting arterioles and venules where gas, nutrient, and waste exchange take place between the blood and cells of the body
19
Q
lumen
A
interior space of a vessel
20
Q
aorta
A
largest artery that begins as an arch from the left ventricle then branches and descends through the thoracic and abdominal cavities; carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
21
Q
artery
A
blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
22
Q
arteriole
A
small artery that connects an artery to a capillary
23
Q
inferior vena cava
A
large vein carrying blood to the heart from the lower part of the body
24
Q
superior vena cava
A
large vein carrying blood to the heart from the upper part of the body
25
venule
small vein that connects a capillary to a vein
26
vein
vessel carrying blood to the heart
27
lymph
clear fluid consisting of fluctuating amounts of white blood cells and a few red blood cells; bathes tissues and is removed by the lymph capillaries
28
lymph nodes; lymph glands
small bean-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that filter bacteria and foreign material from the lymph; located on larger lymph vessels in the cervical, mediastinal, axillary, and inguinal regions
29
lymphatic vessels
vessels transporting lymph from the body tissues to the venous system
30
lymph capillaries
microscopic thin-walled lymph that pick up lymph, proteins, and waste from body tissues
31
lymph ducts
the largest lymphatic vessels that transport lymph to the venous system; right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
32
angi/o
vessel, vascular
33
aort/o
aorta
34
arteri/o
artery
35
ather/o
fatty, fatty deposit
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atri/o
atrium
37
cardi/o
heart
38
coron/o
encircling, crown
39
electr/o
electric, electricity
40
my/o
muscle
41
phleb/o
vein
42
pulmon/o
lung
43
scler/o
hard
44
son/o
sound, sound waves
45
sphygm/o
pulse
46
steth/o
chest
47
thorac/o
chest, thorax
48
thromb/o
blood clot
49
valv/o, valvul/o
valve
50
vas/o, vascul/o
blood vessel
51
varic/o
swollen or twisted vein
52
ven/i, ven/o
veins
53
ventricul/o
normal cavity, ventricle
54
aden/o
gland
55
lymph/o
lymph
56
brady-
slow
57
de-
away from, cessation, without
58
endo-
in, within
59
epi-
on, following
60
inter-
between
61
intra-
within
62
peri-
around, surrounding
63
tachy-
rapid, fast
64
tel-
end
65
trans-
across, through
66
tri-
three
67
-al, -ar, -ary, -ic
pertaining to
68
-ectasia
dilation, stretching
69
-gram
record, recording
70
-graph
instrument for recording
71
-graphy
recording, writing, description
72
-icle, -ole, -ule
small
73
-lytic
pertaining to destruction, breakdown, seperation
74
-ium
tissue, structure
75
-stenosis
stricture, narrowing
76
-oid
resembling
77
arteriovenous (AV)
relating to both an artery and a vein or both arteries and veins in general
78
atrioventricular (AV)
relating to both the atria and ventricles of the heart
79
cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
80
constriction
contracted or narrowed portion of a structure
81
cyanotic
pertaining to a blue or purple discoloration due to deoxygenated blood
82
deoxygenate
to remove oxygen
83
diastole
the relaxation phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood
84
ischemic
pertaining to a lack of blood flow
85
oxygenate
to add oxygen
86
paroxysmal
sudden
87
patent
open or exposed
88
precordial
pertaining to the portion of body over the heart and the anterior lower chest
89
sphygmic
pertaining to the pulse
90
stenotic
pertaining to the condition of narrowing
91
supraventricular
pertaining to above the ventricles
92
systole
the contraction phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries and ventricles
93
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
94
thrombotic
pertaining to a thrombus or blood clot
95
varicose
pertaining to a swollen or twisted vein
96
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia
97
aneurysm
dilation of an artery; usually due to a weakness in the wall of the artery
98
angina pectoris
chest pain or pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium
99
angiostenosis
narrowing of a blood vessel
100
aortic stenosis
narrowing of the aortic valve opening
101
arteriosclerosis; arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)
hardening or loss of elasticity of the arteries
102
atherosclerosis
buildup of plaque or fatty deposits on inner arterial walls
103
cardiac arrest
complete, sudden cessation of cardiac activity
104
cardiac tamponade
compression of the heart due to an increase of fluid in the pericardium
105
cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
106
cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle
107
cardiopathy
any disease of the heart
108
cardiovalvulitis
inflammation of the valves of the heart
109
coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the aorta causing hypertension, ventricular strain, and ischemia
110
congestive heart failure (CHF)
weakness of the heart causing an inability to circulate blood, leading to edema and fluid buildup in the lungs
111
coronary artery disease (CAD)
narrowing of coronary arteries causing a decrease of blood flow or ischemia to the myocardium
112
coronary occlusion
blockage of a coronary vessel often leading to a myocardial infarction
113
embolus
vascular blockage made up of a thrombus, bacteria, air, plaque, and/or other foreign material
114
endocarditis
inflammation of the endocardium, usually caused by bacterial infection elsewhere in the body
115
hypertension
persistently elevated (high) blood pressure
116
hypotension
blood pressure that is below normal
117
intermittent claudication
cramping of the lower leg muscles, usually caused by lack of blood flow
118
ischemia
inadequate supply of blood to the tissues
119
mitral valve prolapse
backward movement of the mitral valve cusps allowing regurgitation (backflow of blood)
120
mitral valve stenosis
narrowing of the mitral valve opening, usually by scarring from rheumatic fever
121
murmur
abnormal heart sound
122
myocardial infarction (MI)
death of heart tissue, usually due to coronary artery occlusion
123
myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
124
occulsion
blockage or closure
125
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardial sac around the heart
126
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
any disorder of the arteries outside, or peripheral to, the heart
127
plaque
fat or lipid deposit on an arterial wall
128
polyarteritis
inflammation of many arteries
129
Raynaud disease; Raynaud syndrome
cyanosis of the fingers or toes due to vascular constriction, usually caused by cold temperatures or emotional stress
130
rheumatic heart disease (RHD)
valvular disease resulting from a rheumatic fever, a syndrome that occurs after streptococcal bacterial infection
131
stenosis
abnormal narrowing of a vessel or body passage
132
thrombus
blood clot
133
arrhythmia
irregularity of the heartbeat resulting in abnormal rhythm
134
bradycardia
slow heart rate (under 50 beats per minute)
135
dysrhythmia
defective heart rhythm
136
fibrillation
rapid irregular muscular contractions of the atria or ventricles
137
flutter
rapid regular muscular contractions of the atria or ventricles
138
palpitation
forceful or irregular heartbeat felt by the patient
139
premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
early contraction of the ventricles
140
sinus rhythm
normal cardiac rhythm proceeding from the sinoatrial node (heart's pacemaker)
141
tachycardia
fast heart rate (over 90 beats per minute)
142
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
blood clot formation in a deep vein, usually in the legs or pelvic region
143
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
144
telangiectasia
dilation of capillaries
145
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein with formation of a blood clot
146
varicose vein
swollen and/or twisted veins, usually of the legs
147
edema
accumulation of excess fluid in intercellular spaces; can be by blockage of lymphatic vessels
148
elephantiasis
swelling in the lower extremities due to blockage of lymphatic vessels, commonly caused by filariae (parasitic worm)
149
filariae
small parasitic worms that are transmitted by mosquitoes; the worms invade tissues as embryos and block lymphatic vessels as they grow
150
lymphadenitis
inflammation of the lymph nodes
151
lymphadenopathy
disease of the lymph nodes; usually causes enlargement of the nodes
152
lymphangitis
inflammation of a lymphatic vessel
153
lymphedema
edema due to a blocked lymph node or lymphatic vessel
154
pitting edema
edema that retains an indentation of a finger that had been pressed firmly on the skin
155
cardiac enzyme tests
blood tests used to measure the levels of creatine kinase (CK), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); increases in such levels may indicate a myocardial infarction
156
cardiac troponin
blood test used to measure the level of a protein that is released in the blood when myocardial (heart muscle) cells die
157
C-reactive protein (CRP)
blood test used to measure the level of inflammation in the body; may indicate conditions that lead to cardiovascular disease
158
electrolyte panel
blood test used to measure the levels of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), and carbon dioxide (CO2); used to diagnose an acid-base pr pH imbalance that may cause arrhythmias, muscle damage, or death
159
lipid panel; lipid profile
blood test used to measure the levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, all of which may signal an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
160
angioscopy
insertion of a catheter with an attached camera to visualize a structure or vessel
161
aortography
x-ray imaging of the aorta after injection of a dye
162
arteriography
x-ray imaging of an artery or arteries after injection of a dye
163
coronary angiography; cardiac catheterization
imaging of the circulation of the heart and major vessels after injection of a dye
164
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
imaging techique that uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures
165
magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
MRI of the heart and blood vessels with injection of dye
166
multiple uptake gated acquisition (MUGA) scan
nuclear medicine technique used to assess ventricular function by producing an image of a beating heart
167
sonography; ultrasonography
use of ultrasonic sound waves to visualize internal organs
168
Doppler sonography (DS)
technique used to record velocity of blood flow
169
echocardiography
the use of ultrasound to investigate heart function at rest and with exercise
170
transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
placement of the ultrasonic transducer inside the patient's esophagus to assess cardiac function and examine cardiac structures
171
vascular sonography
placement of the ultrasound transducer at the tip of a catheter within a blood vessel to assess blood flow
172
single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan
nuclear medicine technique used to assess ventricular function by producing a three-dimensional image of a beating heart
173
venography
x-ray imaging of a vein after injection of a dye
174
ventriculography
imaging of the heart ventricles after injection of a dye or radioactive substance (radionuclide)
175
auscultation
listening to body sounds with a stethoscope
176
blood pressure (BP) monitoring
auscultation of the systolic and diastolic arterial pressure using a stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff)
177
electrocardiography (ECG or EKG)
graphic record of the heart's electrical activity; the waves are labeled with the letters P, Q, R, S, and T
178
exercise stress test; graded exercise test (GXT), stress electrocardiogram
electrocardiogram performed with controlled stress, usually with a treadmill or bicycle
179
Holter monitor (HM)
portable electrocardiographic device usually worn for 24 hours
180
percussion
physical examination method of firmly tapping a part of the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity or organ
181
pulse
palpable throbbing of an artery with each heartbeat, usually felt at the wrist or neck
182
sphygmomanometer
device used for measuring blood pressure
183
stethoscope
instrument used to hear sounds within the body
184
lymphangiography
imaging of the lymphatic vessels using an injected dye
185
scintigraphy
procedure using a scintillation (gamma) camera in which lymphatic absorption of a radioactive substance leads to a computer-generated image
186
angioplasty
surgical repair of a vessel
187
aneurysmectomy
excision of an aneurysm
188
atherectomy
removal of fatty plaque from a vessel surgically or using catheterization
189
cardiac pacemaker
surgically placed mechanical device connected to stimulating leads (electrodes) on or within the heart, programmed to help maintain normal heart rate and rhythm
190
cardioversion
use of defibrillation or drugs to restore the heart's normal rhythm
191
coronary artery bypass; aortocoronary bypass (ACB)
conduit, usually a vein graft or internal thoracic artery, surgically placed between the aorta and a coronary artery branch to shunt blood around an obstruction
192
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
surgical procedure in which a damaged section of a coronary artery is replaced or bypassed with a graft vessel
193
defibrillation
use of an electric shock to stop fibrillation or cardiac arrest
194
embolectomy
surgical removal of an embolus or blood clot, usually with a catheter
195
endarterectomy
surgical removal of fatty deposits in an artery
196
graft
tissue, organ, vessel, used for transplantation
197
pericardiocentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the pericardium
198
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
procedure in which a balloon catheter is used to restore blood flow in a blocked vessel
199
phlebectomy
excision of a segment of a vein, sometimes done to treat varicose veins
200
stent
intravascular insertion of a hollow mesh tube designed to keep a vessel open or patent
201
valve replacement
surgical replacement of a valve with a biologic or mechanical device
202
valvotomy
incision into a valve
203
valvuloplasty
surgical repair of a valve
204
adenectomy
excision of a gland
205
lymphadenectomy
excision of a lymph node
206
lymphadenotomy
incision into a lymph node
207
anticoagulant
drug used to prevent or inhibit blood clotting
208
antiarrhythmic agent
drug used to suppress fast or irregular heart rhythms
209
hemostatic agent
drug that stops the flow of blood within vessels
210
hypolipidemic agent
drug used to lower blood cholesterol levels
211
nitroglycerin
vasodilator used for angina pectoris
212
thrombolytic therapy
administration of an intravenous (IV) drug to dissolve a blood clot
213
vasoconstrictor
drug that narrows (constricts) blood vessel diameter, which increase blood pressure
214
vasodilator
drug that increases (dilates) blood vessel diameter, which decrease blood pressure
215
cardiology
medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of heart disease
216
cardiac electrophysiology
medical speciality concerned with the electrical activities of the heart
217
lymphedema therapy
medical speciality concerned with the treatment of lymphedema
218
ACB
aortocoronary bypass
219
ACS
acute coronary syndrome
220
ASHD
arteriosclerosis heart disease
221
AV
arteriovenous, atrioventricular
222
BP
blood pressure
223
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
224
CAD
coronary artery disease
225
CHF
congestive heart failure
226
DS
Doppler sonography
227
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
228
GXT
graded exercise test
228
ECG or EKG
electrocardiography
229
HM
Holter monitor
230
HTN
hypertension
231
MI
myocardial infarction
232
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
233
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
234
MUGA
multiple uptake gated acquisition
235
PAD
peripheral arterial disease
236
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
237
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
238
RHD
rheumatic heart disease
239
SPECT
single photon emission computed tomography
240
TEE
transesophageal echocardiography
