Blood Lecture 1 / Ch 6 White blood cells

Question 1

Leukocytes

Answer 1

• Identify and attack foreign

material (Antigens)

Question 2

All WBC originate from ?

Answer 2

stem Cells in Hematopoietic bone marrow

Question 3

Most WBC circulate within?

Answer 3

vascular and lymphatic systems

Question 4

Number of WBC

Answer 4

4,500 - 11,000 WBC / μL

higher at birth

15,000-25,000

Question 5

Leukocytosis

Answer 5

increased WBC count

• classic sign of infection
• sign of leukemia

Question 6

Leukopenia

Answer 6

decreased WBC count
4,500 WBC / μL

– Caused by decreased production (chemo or
radiation therapy)
or increased destruction
(hypersplenism)

Question 7

Types of WBC

Answer 7

• Granulocytes
• Monocytes AKA: Macrophage
• Lymphocytes

Question 8

Granulocytes

Answer 8

• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Question 9

Monocytes

Answer 9

• Released from the bone marrow
• Removes dead and damaged cells.
• becomes Macrophage or Histocyte
• Monocyte Exists 1-2 days in circulation

Question 10

Lymphocytes

Answer 10

T cells and B cells

Question 11

Chemotaxis

Answer 11

WBC respond to chemical stimuli (cytokines) using the concentration of the stimuli
to direct its movement to the site of inflammation

Question 12

Diapedesis

Answer 12

Movement through capillary pores into body tissue

Question 13

Pluripotential Stem Cell >

Answer 13

Myeloid & Lymphoid

Question 14

Vast quantities of _____ _____ reside in the bone marrow as a reserve

Answer 14

immature granulcytes

Question 15

Contain numerous granules in their cytoplasm which contain digestive enzymes.

Answer 15

Granulocytes

Question 16

4 facts of Neutrophils

Answer 16

• Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
• Contain multi-lobed nuclei
• Most abundant WBC
• Ineffective against foreign protein toxins

Question 17

2 Neutrophils Function

Answer 17

• primary phagocytic cell
• sensitive to chemical
  attractants

Question 18

Neutrophils Life Span

Answer 18

• 10-12 hours in vascular space

- 5-6 days in tissue

Question 19

Neutrophils Location

Answer 19

• 50% in circulation
• 50% marginate (adhere to
  endothelium) many in the
  lungs

Question 20

Neutrophils Bands = immature neutrophils in circulation.

Believed to be classic sign of what?

Answer 20

infection (“shift to the left”)

Question 21

Neutrophils in premature

infants are?

Answer 21

Immature and make them more suceptible to bacterial and fungal infections.

Question 22

Neutrophilia

Answer 22

increased number of

neutrophils

Question 23

Neutropenia

Answer 23

decreased number of

neutrophils

Question 24

Eosinophils

Answer 24

Attack foreign proteins, parasites and function in allergic reactions

Question 25

Eosinophils are Weakly phagocytic, they release what ?

Answer 25

Major Basic Protein (MBP) which lyses membranes

Question 26

Eosinophils mature in bone marrow -> they | circulate in the vascular space, then they move to tissue space. What is their total life span?

Answer 26

12-24 hrs

Question 27

Basophils

Answer 27

Mast Cells or Tissue Basophils when found in tissue. - involved in allergic, anaphylactic & chemotaxis reactions - Attach to antigen and spew out loads of anaphylatoxins. (Histamine & Heparin)

Question 28

What organism stays until all antigen is destroyed?

Answer 28

Monocytes, they make up the Reticuloendothelial System (RES).

Question 29

Name the macrophages found In the liver?

Answer 29

kupfer cells

Question 30

Name the macrophages found In the lungs?

Answer 30

alveolar Macrophages

Question 31

Name the macrophages found In the brain?

Answer 31

microglial cells

Question 32

Name the macrophages found In the bone marrow?

Answer 32

dendritic cells

Question 33

Name the macrophages from the GI tract found In the peyers patches?

Answer 33

Peritoneal macrophages

Question 34

Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)

Answer 34

``` Ingest antigen and present its surface molocules to antibody producing cells to provide long term immunity (memory of specific antigens) ```

Question 35

A white cell count in which bands are detected is called what ?

Answer 35

Shift to the left

Question 36

Dead Neutrofils =

Answer 36

pus