blood part 2 white blood cells

Question 1

Leukocytes make up how much of blood volume

Answer 1

less than 1%

Question 2

diapedesis

Answer 2

how leukocytes leave capillaries

Question 3

Leukocytosis

Answer 3

WBC count over 11,000

Question 4

Granulocytes

Answer 4

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 5

Granulocytes description

Answer 5

Cytoplasmic granules stain specifically with Wright’s stain
Larger and shorter-lived than RBCs
Lobed nuclei
Phagocytic

Question 6

Neutrophils

Answer 6

Most numerous WBCs
crazy shaped nuclei
Fine granules
lilac color
Granules contain hydrolytic enzymes or defensins 
Very phagocytic

Question 7

Eosinophils

Answer 7

Bilobed nuclei (earmuffs)
Red to crimson lysosome-like granules
Digest parasitic worms that are too large to be phagocytized
Modulators of the immune response

Question 8

Basophils

Answer 8

Rarest WBCs
Large, purplish-black (basophilic) granules contain histamine
similar to mastcells

Question 9

Histamine

Answer 9

an inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and attracts other WBCs to inflamed sites

Question 10

Agranulocytes

Answer 10

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 11

Agranulocytes description

Answer 11

no granules

Have spherical or kidney-shaped nuclei

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

Large, dark-purple, circular nuclei with a thin rim of blue cytoplasm (mostly nucleus)
Mostly in lymphoid tissue; few circulate in the blood
Crucial to immunity

Question 13

Lymphocytes two types

Answer 13

t cells

b cells

Question 14

T cells

Answer 14

act against virus-infected cells and tumor cells

Question 15

B cells

Answer 15

give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies

Question 16

Monocytes

Answer 16

The largest leukocytes
Abundant pale-blue cytoplasm
Dark purple-staining, U- or kidney-shaped nuclei

Question 17

Monocyte functions

Answer 17

Leave circulation, enter tissues, and differentiate into macrophages
Actively phagocytic cells; crucial against viruses, intracellular bacterial parasites, and chronic infections
Activate lymphocytes to mount an immune response

Question 18

monocytosis

Answer 18

abnormally high number of monocytes

Question 19

monocytosis causes

Answer 19

stress, inflamation, severe infection

Question 20

monocytopenia

Answer 20

abnormally low levels of monocytes

Question 21

monocytopenia causes

Answer 21

aplastic anemia, HIV, lupus, damaged bone marrow, cancer treatments

Question 22

Leukopoiesis

Answer 22

Production of WBCs

Stimulated by chemical messengers from bone marrow and mature WBCs

Question 23

leukopoiesis chemical messengers

Answer 23

Interleukins

Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) named for the WBC type they stimulate

Question 24

All leukocytes originate from

Answer 24

hemocytoblasts

Question 25

how leukocytes differentiate (the paths)

Answer 25

start with menocytoblast then go to myloid stem cell or lymphiod stem cell after myloid makes either eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, or monocytes after lymphoid stem cells make lymphocytes

Question 26

Leukopenia

Answer 26

Abnormally low WBC count—drug induced

Question 27

Leukemias

Answer 27

Cancerous conditions involving WBCs

Question 28

Leukemias naming

Answer 28

Named according to the abnormal WBC clone involved | Myelocytic leukemia involves myeloblasts

Question 29

acute leukemia

Answer 29

involves blast-type cells and primarily affects children

Question 30

chronic leukemia

Answer 30

is more prevalent in older people

Question 31

Platelets

Answer 31

Small fragments of megakaryocytes Formation is regulated by thrombopoietin Blue-staining outer region, purple granules Granules contain serotonin, Ca2+, enzymes, ADP, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

Question 32

platelet functions

Answer 32

Form a temporary platelet plug that helps seal breaks in blood vessels

Question 33

Circulating platelets are kept inactive and mobile by

Answer 33

NO (nitrogenous oxide) and prostacyclin from endothelial cells of blood vessels

Question 34

Increase in eosinophilias can indicate

Answer 34

Infection by parasitic worms, autoimmune disease

Question 35

Increase in neutrophils can indicate

Answer 35

Bacterial infection Pyogenic infections Heart attack

Question 36

Low basophils count can indicate

Answer 36

Allergic reaction

Question 37

High basophils count can indicate

Answer 37

Blood cancer | Mediate inflammatory response

Question 38

High number of lymphocytes can indicate

Answer 38

Inflammatory response Infection Virus and tumor cells

Question 39

Increased number of monocytes Indicates

Answer 39

Chronic infections Bacterial viruses Parasitic bacteria