Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion

A

The chemical and mechanical breaking down of food molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

digestive system

A

organs that collectively perform the breaking down of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

six essential activities of the digestive system

A 
ingestion
propulsion
mechanical digestion
chemical digestion
absorption
defecation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ingestion

A

bring in food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

propulsion

A

mixing and moving food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mechanical digestion

A

break down into smaller pieces to aid chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chemical digestion

A

acids and enzymes break food into monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

absorption

A

absorb monomers into blood/lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

defecation

A

eliminate unused material (feces)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors

A

Respond to stretch, changes in osmolarity and pH, and presence of substrate and end products of digestion
Complex of nerves in the walls of GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors Initiate reflexes that

A

Activate or inhibit digestive glands

Stimulate smooth muscle to mix and move lumen contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Two Groups of organs of digestion

A 
Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract)/Alimentary Canal
Accessory Structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract)/Alimentary Canal

A

Begins with mouth – ends at anus

Mouth, pharynx,esophagus,stomach,small intestine, large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Accessory Structures

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hepatic portal circulation

A

Drains nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs

Delivers it to the liver for processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

wall of GI tract 4 layers

A

mucosa
submucosa
mucularis
serosa and peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mucosa

A

inner lining,mucous membrane
Epithelium, lamina propria, smooth muscle (muscularis mucosae); functions to protect, secrete hormones, enzymes and lubricating mucus, and absorb nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lamina propia

A

propria contains capillaries to absorb and MALT (mucosa associated lymphatic tissue) for defense against infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Submucosa

A

consists of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscle layer; gives elastic property to tract; contains chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Muscularis

A

thick layer of muscle
Smooth muscle (3 layers) ,inner sheet of circular fibers and outer sheet of longitudinal fibers & nerves
Responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
Sphincters (timing, prevent backflow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Serosa and Peritoneum

A

outermost layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

serosa

A 
composed of simple squamous epitheleum and connective tissue
Secretes serous (wet) fluid to allow the organs to glide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

peritoneum

A

largest serous membrane.
Parietal – lines wall of abdominal cavity
Visceral – outer layer of some organs (all but retroperitoneal organs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mesentary

A

double layer of peritoneum
Routes for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
Holds organs in place and stores fat
binds small intestine to posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Retroperitoneal organs
lie posterior to the peritoneum
26
Intraperitoneal (peritoneal) organs
are surrounded by the peritoneum
27
Falciform ligament
attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall
28
Greater omentum
(fat skin) drapes over transverse colon and small intestine | Contains lymph nodes
29
Lingual Frenulum
mucous memb connects underside of tongue to floor over buccal cavity
30
papillae
line tongue on top and sides | Some contain taste buds
31
Parotid glands location
under and in front of ears
32
submandibular gland location
lies beneath base of tongue
33
sublingual gland location
lie in front of submandibular glands
34
Saliva
only .5% solutes Water helps dissolve/mucous sticks it together amylase, lysozyme
35
amylase function and location
``` digestive enzyme (carbs / starches) saliva ```
36
lysozyme function and lcoation
destroys bacteria to protect mucous membrane from infection and the teeth from decay saliva
37
swallowing stages
voluntary stage pharyngeal stage esophageal stage
38
voluntary stage
bolus is forced by tongue to oropharynx
39
pharyngeal stage
(involuntary) breathing interrupted, soft palate closes nasopharynx, epiglottis closes off larynx, vocal cords close
40
esophageal stage
food pushed by peristalysis , circular muscles contract while longitudinal muscles relax HCL can back up into lower esophagus, heartburn
41
cardia
surrounds superior opening of stomach
42
fundus
above and left of cardia on stomach
43
body
large central portion of stomach
44
pylorus
narrow inferior region of the stomach
45
pyloric sphincter
valve between pyloris and duodenum
46
stomach wall four layer modification
Rugae Mucous surface cells line stomach (non-ciliated) gastric pits are formed from epithelial cells Gastric glands are located inside these pits 3 types of Exocrine gland cells compose this
47
chyme function and location
food mixed with the secretions of the gastric glands turned into a thin liquid stomach
48
pepsin function and location
digestive enzymes that break down proteins in chmye (most effective in PH2) stomach
49
what stimulates digestion
Distention (stretch), increase in pH, and presence of partially digested materials stimulate digestion to begin. parasympathetic impulses promote peristalsis and stimulate glands to secrete
50
3 Phases of Gastric Secretion
Cephalic gastric intestinal
51
cephalic
salivating
52
gastric
stomach acids
53
intestinal
excitatory and inhibitory hormones control release of gastric juices
54
Enterogastric reflex
when chyme enters duodenum, a series of reflex reactions occur to inhibit acid secretion (hormones called enterogastrones)
55
Inhibition of digestion
``` presence of food in the small intestine inhibits parasympathetic stimulation and stimulates sympathetic activity. negative emotions (anger) may also slow down digestion ```
56
gastric inhibitory peptide
inhibits gastric secretion
57
secretin
decreases gastric secretion
58
cholecystokinin
(CCK) inhibits gastric emptying
59
Gastric emptying
release of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum empties all contents of stomach w/in 2-6 hours of ingestion regulated by nervous/hormonal controls
60
chyme does what for gastric emptying
chyme in duodenum generates reflex to slow gastric emptying
61
ranking of carbs proteins and fats in time in stomach
carbs spend the least time in the stomach proteins spend longer time Triglycerides (fats) spend the most time
62
pancreatic amylase
digests carbohydrates | in pancreas
63
trypsin/chymotrypsin function and location
digests proteins | pancreas
64
pancreatic lipase function and location
digests triglycerides | pancreas
65
ribonuclease/deoxyribonuclease function and location
digests nucleic acids | pancreas
66
Liver
produces bile, weighs about 3 pounds, located under the diaphragm-rt side of the body divided into right and left lobes by the falciform ligament lobes divided into lobules
67
sinusoids
sinusoids-capillary beds through which blood passes lined with stellate reticuloendothelial cells that destroy worn out white and red blood cells, bacteria and toxic substances
68
Hepatocytes
produce bile
69
common bile duct
common hepatic duct joins the cystic duct
70
gall bladder
Located under liver | Functions in storage until needed in small intestine
71
Bile
Excretory product and digestive secrection Salts aid in emulsification Conversion of triglyceride globules into droplets and absorption of triglycerides following their digestion
72
Bilirubin
principal bile pigment | broken down into intestines and color of feces
73
functions of liver
``` Carbohydrate Metabolism Lipid Metabolism (store and break down) Protein Metabolism (synthesize and convert) Synthesis of Bile Storage – vitamins and minerals Phagocytosis Activation of Vitamin D ```
74
Carbohydrate Metabolism
convert glucose to glycogen when sugar level is high and breakdown glycogen to glucose when sugar is low
75
Duodenum length
10 inches
76
jejunum
Jejunum (1meter) means empty – more muscular and vascular than ileum; more villi and plicae circulares than duodenum
77
ileum
(2 meters) joins colon at Ileocecal junction
78
What is digested in the Sm. Int.?
Carbs, fats (bile needed) Proteins continue to break down here (started in stomach) Small intestine relies largely on the liver and pancreas to produce enzymes, bile, ions, etc., for digestion to occur
79
acessory organs
salivary glands liver gallbladder pancreas
80
alimentary canal structures
``` mouth pharynx esophogus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus ```

Anatomy (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions