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Anatomy > Semester Exam: histology epithelial tissue > Flashcards

Semester Exam: histology epithelial tissue Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

tissues

A

Cells work together in functionally related groups called tissues

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2
Q

types of tissues

A

Epithelial – lining and covering
Connective – support
Muscle – movement
Nervous – control

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3
Q

general characteristics of epithelial tissues

A

Covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

Forms most glands

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4
Q

Functions of epithelium

A

Protection (resist friction)
Absorption, secretion, and ion transport
Filtration (kidneys)
Forms slippery surfaces (to resist friction, lungs and heart)

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5
Q

Special Characteristics of Epithelia

A 
Cellularity
Specialized contacts
Polarity
Support by connective tissue
Avascular
Innervated
Regeneration
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6
Q

Cellularity

A

cells are in close contact with each other with little or no intercellular space between them

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7
Q

Specialized contacts

A

may have junctions for both attachment and communication

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8
Q

Polarity

A

epithelial tissues always have an apical (toward top/lumen) and basal surface (towards bottom and near connective tissue)

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9
Q

Support by connective tissue

A

held in place or supplied with blood and nutrients

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10
Q

Avascular

A

no blood supply so nutrients must diffuse

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11
Q

Innervated

A

has nerve endings

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12
Q

Regeneration

A

epithelial tissues have a high capacity for regeneration, think of skin

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13
Q

what makes up the basement membrane

A

the basal lamina and the connective tissue contribute to the basement membrane

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14
Q

Lateral Surface Features/ Factors holding epithelial cells together

A 
Adhesion proteins link plasma membranes of adjacent cells
Contours of adjacent cell membranes 
Special cell junctions (Tight Junctions
Adherens Junctions
Desmosomes)
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15
Q

basal lamina

A

Noncellular supporting sheet between the epithelium and the connective tissue deep to it
Consists of proteins secreted by the epithelial cells

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16
Q

basal lamina function

A

Acts as a selective filter, determining which molecules from capillaries enter the epithelium
Acts as scaffolding along which regenerating epithelial cells can migrate

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17
Q

First name of tissue indicates

A

number of layers
simple-one layer
stratified- more than one layer

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18
Q

Last name of tissue describes

A

shape of of cells

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19
Q

Squamous

A 
cells wider 
than tall (plate or “scale” like)
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20
Q

Cuboidal

A

cells are as wide

as tall, as in cubes

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21
Q

Columnar

A

cells are taller than

they are wide, like columns

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22
Q

naming of epithelial

A

Naming the epithelia includes both the layers (first) and the shape of the cells (second)
may also include accesssory structures

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23
Q

accesssory structures

A

Goblet cells
Cilia
Keratin

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24
Q

Special epithelial tissues (don’t follow naming convention)

A

Psuedostratified- look stacked but not

Transitional- look cuboidal or squamish

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25
Simple Squamous Epithelium description
single layer of flat cells with disc-shaped nuclei
26
Simple Squamous Epithelium special types
Endothelium (inner covering) | Mesothelium (middle covering)
27
Simple Squamous Epithelium function
Passage of materials by passive diffusion and filtration | Secretes lubricating substances in serosae
28
Simple Squamous Epithelium location
Renal corpuscles (kidneys) Alveoli of lungs (cluster of air sacs) Lining of heart, blood and lymphatic vessels Lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)
29
Endothelium
(inner covering) | slick lining of hollow organs
30
Mesothelium
(middle covering) Lines peritoneal( abdominal), pleural (lungs), and pericardial (heart) cavities Covers visceral organs of those cavities
31
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium description
single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei
32
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium function
secretion and absorption
33
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium location
kidney tubules, secretory portions of small glands, ovary & thyroid follicles
34
Simple Columnar Epithelium description
single layer of column-shaped (rectangular) cells with oval nuclei Some bear cilia at their apical surface May contain goblet cells (contains mucin)
35
Simple Columnar Epithelium function
Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances Ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action
36
Simple Columnar non ciliated Epithelium location
Lines digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands
37
Simple Columnar ciliated Epithelium location
Lines small bronchi, uterine tubes (aka: Fallopian tubes/ oviducts), uterus
38
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium description
``` All cells originate at basement membrane Only tall cells reach the apical surface May contain goblet cells and bear cilia Nuclei lie at varying heights within cells Gives false impression of stratification ```
39
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium function
secretion of mucus; propulsion of mucus by cilia
40
Pseudostratified Columnar non ciliated Epithelium location
Ducts of male reproductive tubes | Ducts of large glands
41
Pseudostratified Columnar ciliated Epithelium location
Lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract
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Stratified Epithelia
Contain two or more layers of cells | Regenerate from below
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Stratified Epithelia main role and how named
Major role is protection | Are named according to the shape of cells at apical layer
44
Stratified Squamous Epithelium description
Many layers of cells – squamous in shape Deeper layers of cells appear cuboidal or columnar Thickest epithelial tissue – adapted for protection
45
Stratified Squamous Epithelium specific types
Keratinized – contain the protective protein keratin Surface cells are dead and full of keratin Non-keratinized – forms moist lining of body openings
46
Stratified Squamous Epithelium function
Protects underlying tissues in | areas subject to abrasion
47
Stratified Squamous Epithelium location
Keratinized – forms epidermis Non-keratinized – forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina
48
Transitional Epithelium description
Basal cells usually cuboidal or columnar | Superficial cells dome-shaped or squamous
49
Transitional Epithelium function
stretches and permits distension of urinary bladder
50
Transitional Epithelium location
Lines ureters, urinary bladder and part of urethra
51
Glandular Epithelium
Ducts carry products of exocrine glands to epithelial surface maybe multicelular or unicellular
52
Glandular Epithelium include following diverse glands
``` Mucus-secreting glands (uni) Sweat and oil glands Salivary glands Liver and pancreas Mammary glands ```
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exocrine
ducted, secret into ducts
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endocrine
ductless, secret right into blood stream
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Unicellular Exocrine Glands | The Goblet Cell
Goblet cells produce mucin Mucin + water = mucus Protects and lubricates many internal body surfaces
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mucin
condensed as | “granules” which rapidly expand like shaving cream when excreted
57
Multicellular Exocrine Glands
Classified by structure (branching & shape) of duct Can also be classified by mode or type of secretion May also be classified by types of secretions from exocrine glands
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Merocrine secretion
secretory vesicles released via exocytosis (saliviary glands)
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Apocrine secretion
apical portion of the cell is lost, cytoplasm + secretory product (mammary glands)
60
Holocrine secretion
entire cell is destroyed during secretion (sebaceous gland)
61
Serous
mostly water but also contains some enzymes Ex. parotid glands, pancreas digestion or lubrication
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mucous
mucus secretions Ex. sublingual glands, goblet cells sinuses and trachea
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mixes of mucous and serous
serous & mucus combined | Ex. submandibular gland
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simple gland
one attached to duct
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branched gland
more than one, attached to one duct
66
compound gland
more than one unit attached to duct
67
simple alviola gland shape
tube with circle
68
simple tubular gland shape
tube
69
The three major types of epithelial membranes are
serous, mucous, and cutaneous. A fourth is the synovial membrane that lines the joints.
70
serous membrane
aids in digestion, lines lungs and heart
71
mucous membrane
sinus, trachea, nasal
72
cutaneous membrane
skin

Anatomy (29 decks)

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