circulation part one

Question 1

the heart is wrapped in what

Answer 1

fibrous pericardium

Question 2

pericardium

Answer 2

Protects, anchors, and prevents overfilling

2 layers

Question 3

what are the two layers of the pericaridum

Answer 3

Parietal layer lines the internal surface 
Visceral layer (epicardium) on external surface of the heart
Separated by fluid-filled pericardial cavity (decreases friction)

Question 4

layers of heart wall

Answer 4

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 5

Epicardium

Answer 5

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Question 6

myocardium

Answer 6

Spiral bundles of cardiac muscle cells

Fibrous skeleton of the hear made of crisscrossing connective tissue

Question 7

myocardium function

Answer 7

Anchors cardiac muscle fibers
Supports great vessels and valves
Limits spread of action potentials to specific paths

Question 8

endocardium

Answer 8

intermost layer

continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels

Question 9

four chambers of the heart

Answer 9

two atria and two ventricles

Question 10

atria separated by

Answer 10

interatrial septum

Question 11

junction between atria and ventricle

Answer 11

Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove)

Question 12

two ventricles are separated by

Answer 12

the interventricular septum

Question 13

what vessels enter right atrium

Answer 13

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 14

what vessels enter left atrium

Answer 14

right and left pulmonary viens

Question 15

what vessels leave the right ventricle

Answer 15

pulmonary trunk

Question 16

what vessels leave the left ventricle

Answer 16

aorta

Question 17

The heart is two side by-side pumps, the right side is for

Answer 17

pulmonary circuit

Vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs

Question 18

The heart is two side by-side pumps, the left side is for

Answer 18

Left side is the pump for the systemic circuit

Vessels that carry the blood to and from all body tissues

Question 19

where do all gas exchanges occur

Answer 19

the capillary beds

Question 20

pathway of blood through the heart, first pump

Answer 20

right atrium to
tricuspid valve to
right ventricle
to semilunar valve 
to pulmonary trunk 
to pulmonary arteries
to lungs

Question 21

pathway of blood through heart, second pump

Answer 21

lungs to
pulmonary veins to
left atrium to
bicuspid valve to
left ventricle to
aortic semilunar valve to
aorta to 
systemic circulation

Question 22

differences between pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

Answer 22

Pulmonary circuit is a short, low-pressure circulation

Systemic circuit blood has a lot of resistance

Question 23

circumflex artery location

Answer 23

surronds the outside of the heart off of the interventricular artery

Question 24

anterior interventricular artery

Answer 24

runs down between the ventricles on the front

Question 25

posterior interventricular artery

Answer 25

runs down between the ventricles on the back

Question 26

right marginal artery

Answer 26

comes off coronary artery running down the right ventricle

Question 27

right coronary artery

Answer 27

between right ventricle and artium

Question 28

left coronary artery

Answer 28

between left ventricle and artium

Question 29

ischemia

Answer 29

insufficient blood flow to heart muscle , causes angina

Question 30

between right ventricle and artium

Answer 30

“tight chest” caused by a fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to the myocardium Cells are weakened

Question 31

Myocardial infarction

Answer 31

heart attack Prolonged coronary blockage Areas of cell death are repaired with noncontractile scar tissue

Question 32

what do heart valves do

Answer 32

Ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart

Question 33

what do Atrioventricular (AV) valves do

Answer 33

Prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract

Question 34

what does Chordae tendineae do

Answer 34

anchor AV valve cusps to papillary muscles to prevent eversion

Question 35

what do semilunar valves do

Answer 35

Prevent backflow into the ventricles when ventricles relax

Question 36

Cardiac muscle cells are

Answer 36

striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected

Question 37

Intercalated discs

Answer 37

junctions between cells anchor cardiac cells

Question 38

Desmosomes

Answer 38

prevent cells from separating during contraction

Question 39

Gap junctions

Answer 39

allow ions to pass; electrically couple adjacent cells