bone and joint infections Flashcards
define osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone
what are the most common organisms associated with osteomyelitis
staph aureus coagulase negative staph strep gram negative rods anaerobes
what are the 3 most common routes of infection of osteomyilitis
- hematogenous spread of bacteria
- direct infection of bone form adjacent infection
- secondary infection due to vascular insufficiency
differentiate between acute and chronic osteomyelitis
acute osteo = symtoms less 2 than weeks
chronic osteo = recurrent or symptoms longer than 4 weeks
what are goals of treatment of osteomyelitis
- resolve infection
- prevent amputation
- prevent chronic, reoccurring infection
define septic arthritis
infection of a joint
what are the most common organisms associated with septic arthritis
nongonococcal arthritis
gonococcal arthritis
(also viruses fungi and mycobacteria)
If gram negative rods are suspected in osteomyelitis, what therapy should be used
3rd and 4th gen cephalosporins
what route of osteomyelitis infection may have anaerobic infection?
what should be used to treat it
adjacent site or vascular insufficiency
use clindamycin or metronidazole
what drugs cover MRSA
Vancomycin Daptomycin Linezolid Clindamycin Bactrim (know first 3 well)
how long should a patient be treated for acute osteomyelitis
4-6 weeks, iv initially
how long should a patient be treated for chronic osteomyelitis
6-8 weeks IV then 3-12 months PO
what is the term potential for rapid joint destruction with irreversible loss of function
rheumatologic emergency
what type of arthritic infection involves fever, loss of joint function for 1-2 weeks, usually in knee in people over 30
nongonococcal arthritis
what usually causes nongonococcal arthritis
S. aureus
