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Histology One > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functions of Bone

A

Provides support
acts as a lever for effect movement
protection of internal organs
calcium storage
hemopoiesis

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2
Q

what are the cells of bone

A

osteoblasts , osteocytes and osteclasts

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3
Q

what is the organic extracellular matrix

A

collagen type 1 , proteoglycans and glyocporitens

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4
Q

what is the inorganic extracellular matrix

A

minerals - ca , na , mg , po4

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5
Q

what is osteoprogenitor cells derived from

A

mesenchyme

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6
Q

what is the location of osteoprogenitor cells

A

on the bone surface under the periosteum

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7
Q

what is the function of the osteoblasts

A

syntehsis the organic compoents of matrix

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8
Q

where is osteocytes found

A

found in cavities (lacuane) between layers lamellae of bone matrix

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9
Q

what is osteoclasts

A

giant cells

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10
Q

what is the function of the osteoclast

A

respoirtion and remodelling of bone tissue

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11
Q

what does the unmineralzied matric eventually become

A

mineralisex bone tissue

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12
Q

Bone Mineralisation - what does osteoblasts form

A

osteoid amd matrix vescile

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13
Q

bone minerlisation - what does osteoid form

A

type i collagen, glycoproteins and proteoglycans

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14
Q

bone minerlisation - what does matrix vesicles form

A

alkaline phosphatase

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15
Q

bone mineralisation - what does type i collagen, glycoproteins and proteoglycans cause

A

increase Ca2+ concentration

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15
Q

bone minerlisation - what does alkaline phosphatase increase

A

Increases PO4 concentration

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16
Q

bone mineralisation - what does increase in Ca2+ and PO4 concentration cause

A

formation of CaPO4 crystals

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17
Q

bone mineralisation - what does calcium phosphate crystal

A

attract water molecules and aggreate into the masses of hydroxyapatite crystals

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18
Q

what do osteoblasts also release

A

very small membrane enclosed matrix vesicles which contain alkaline phosphate and other enzymes

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19
Q

what are some osteoid components

A

osteocalcine, binds calcium ions with high affinity

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20
Q

what does osteocytes derived from

A

oasteoblasts

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21
Q

what are osteocytes not capable of

A

not capable of mitosis

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22
Q

what happens to the number of osteocytes with age

A

decrease with aging and can caclify as well

23
Q

what are osteocytes canliculi

A

thin cytoplasmic process

24
Q

what is the function canaliculi

A

transport materials to the adjacent osteocytes

25
Q

what is osteclasts in respotions bays

A

osteocytes lie within depression or crytps in the matrix when undergoing resportion

26
Q

what is cortical bone

A

dense areas without caities
make up the shaft / diapghysis

27
Q

what is cancellous

A

numerous interconnecting cavities or a fine meshwork and occupies the epiphysis

28
Q

what is periosteum

A

dense connective tissue sheath

29
Q

what are the two layers of periosteum

A

inner cellular layer
what is the outer cellular layer

30
Q

what is the inner cellular layer

A

osteoprogenitor cells
osteoblasts

31
Q

what does endosteum line

A

large intnerla marrow cavities of bone

32
Q

how many layers of endoesteum

A

single layer of connective tissue

33
Q

what does endosteum contain

A

flattened osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts

34
Q

what is a osteon

A

cortical bone has a compact arrangement of bone

35
Q

where do the blood vessels that penetrate

A

through the periosteum into the compact bone to occupy the central canal of these osteon

36
Q

what is the external circumferential lamellae

A

outermost arrangement of the lamellae

37
Q

what is haverisan canal

A

lamellae circular pattern around the blood vessels occupy a canal

38
Q

what is Walkmans canal

A

perforating vessels

39
Q

how many canaliculi

A

10 chains via gap junctions

40
Q

what is outer circumferential lamellae

A

outer layers of bone are organised in lamellae that run around the bone

41
Q

what is woven bone (primary bone)

A

irregular arrangment of collagen fibres
lower mineral content

42
Q

what is lamellar (secondary bone)

A

regular layered arrangement of collagen fibres
higher mineral content

43
Q

what happens in compact bone bone remodelling

A

old oesteon are resorbs and produce new ones

44
Q

what does resorption involve

A

osteoclasts remove old bone in tunnel like cavities

45
Q

what are the cutting bone invaded by

A

osteoprogenitor cells and sourpting loops of blood cappliers which are derived from the endosteum or peirostem

46
Q

what cuts lines in the tunnels

A

osteoblasts

47
Q

how are osteoid serected

A

cylic manner

48
Q

what does cutting bone form

A

concentric lemaule of bone with trapped osteocytes in between and will continue to lay don boney tissue in the space

49
Q

what is cement lines

A

visible surrounding an osteon

50
Q

where is cement lines found

A

where constant remodelling of bone prdocues these lines so

51
Q

what does remodelling causes

A

new osteons to be laid down over old ones

52
Q

what are the areas present between osteon

A

intersisital lamellae

53
Q

cartilage vs bone - permeability

A

cartilage - permeable
bone - non preamble

54
Q

cartilage vs bone ability

A

cartilage - deformable
bone - rigid

55
Q

cartilage vs bone - growth

A

bone - apposition only
cartilage - appositional and intersitial

56
Q

cartilage vs bone - cells nourishment

A

cartilage - cells nourished by diffusion through matrix
bone - cells within the bone must be nourished by blood vessels that pervade the matrix

Histology One (14 decks)

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