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Histology One > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Function of Skin

A

Protection
Sensation
Tehrmoregulation
Metabolic Function

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2
Q

What does protection involve

A

chemical , termal and mechical mechanisms
protection against fungal and UV

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3
Q

What does Sensation involve

A

pain - to pull away
temperature

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4
Q

what does thermregultion involve

A

insulating
give off excess heat

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5
Q

Metabolic Function

A

UV –> Vitamin D
storage of energy - fat

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6
Q

What is the epidermis made of

A

epithelial

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7
Q

what is the dermis made of

A

connective tissue

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8
Q

what is the hypodermis made of

A

loose connective tissue with adipocytes

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9
Q

what is the dermal paillae

A

projections from dermis into the epidermis

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10
Q

what is the epidermal ridges

A

projections from the epidermis to the dermis

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11
Q

What is the epithelium of the epidermis

A

simple squamous keratnised epithelium

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12
Q

What is the general structure of the dermis

A

fibrous collagenous
elastic connective tissue
can have vessels nerves receptors can include glands and ducts

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13
Q

what is the general structure of the hypodermis

A

large blood vessels
adipose tissue with septa of collagen bundles

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14
Q

what is the direction of the collagen to the skin surface

A

perpendicular

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15
Q

what are the 4 cell found in the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Antigen presenting langerhans cells
Merkl’es cells

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16
Q

what is septa

A

anchors skin to underlying tissue

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17
Q

what are the different layer sof keatinocytes

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum bassale

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18
Q

What is the stratum basale

A

single layer of basophilic columnar - coboidal shape on the basal lamina

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19
Q

what is the function of stratum basale

A

intense mitotic activity
act as stem cells to constantly produce epidermal cells

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20
Q

how thick is the stratum spinosum / what are they

A

5 cells thick
polyherdal / slightly flat

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21
Q

what is the function of stratum spinosum

A

actively synthesising keratin filament

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22
Q

why is it spinous (spine like)

A

desosomes attaching each other to the cells

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23
Q

how many days does it take for the epidermis to renew

A

15 - 30 days

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24
Q

what do keratinocytes form

A

tonal fibrals

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25
where do tonal fibrals converge and terminate
at desmosomes
26
what happens to stratum spinosum in high pressure areas
it is thickener
27
how many layers for the stratum granulosum . what is it
3 - 5 layers of flattened polygonal cells
28
what is their cytoplasm filled with
kertaohyaline granules
29
what does the keratohyaline granules have when activated
profilaggrin or filagrin
30
what is the function of the stratum granulosum
promotes clustering of cytokeratin tonofibrils to form keratin
31
what does the stratum granulosum contain
lamellar bodies
32
what do the lamellar bodies release
glyocholopids
33
what do they do
after they die they become glue and waterproofing agent
34
how thick is the stratum corneum / what is it
15 - 20 layers non nuclated kernatised cells
35
what is the cytoplasm filled with
biregringesnt filamentous keratin
36
these dead cells contain what
fibrillar and amorphous proteins with a thickened plasma
37
what is the keratin
6 different polypeptide with packed speclaised matrix
38
what layers if skin cancer moslty from
Basale and spinosum
39
what is the lucidum
layer between the granulosum and the coreum
40
when is this layer present
only seen in thick skin as it poorly stains
41
what kind of cells in the lucidrum
flattened esoinophillic cells - nulcei and organelles lost to cytoplasm only has keratin filament
42
Life Cycle Keratin Basale
syntehssisng keratin filament
43
Spinosum Life Cycle Keratin
keratin filament --> keratohylain granules + lamellar bodies
44
Granulosa Life Cycle Keratin
Kertoylain left in the cytoplasm decahrge the lamellar bodies to form a water barrier
45
Corenum Life Cycle Keratin
breakdown nucleus and cytoplasm thicker plasma is formed
46
what is psoriasis
condition with high amount of proliferating cells in the stratum basale and spinosum decrease in cycle time results in abnormal keratinisation
47
what are the two types of epidermal water barriers
Cell envelope Lipid envelopes
48
What is the cell envelop made of
insoluble proteins (loricin, keratin, filaggrin)
49
where are the insoluble proteins deposited
on the inner surface of the plasma membrane
50
what is the lipid envelope
layer of lipids
51
where do the lamellar bodies for a lipid envelope go
into the intracellular spaces between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum
52
types of lamellar bodies for the lipid envelope
glysophoglipids , phoslipids and ceramides
53
what is the difference between thick and thin skin
the stratum corneum is thicker in thick skin
54
what are melanocytes derived from
neural crest cells
55
what is there appearance
pale cells with prominent dark nuclei long processes which extend to adjacent cells
56
what is their function
muse melanosomes to move to keratinocytes
57
what is a melansome
they are black and bronw pigments called melanin
58
what do they contain
pheomelanin (red + yellow) eumelanin (brown + black)
59
Formation of mealinin - First step
Melanocytes produce lysomes related membrane bound strcutures from Golgi apparatus called premelansomes (involved in melanin syntehsis)
60
Formation of melanin - second step
melanin produced from tryosine by a series of reactions making ealry mealsosomes
61
formation of melanin third step
with maturation melasomes travel towards the end of the melaocyte process
62
formation of melanin fourth step
with high concentrations the melaocyte processes will invaginate into keratinocyte cell membrane
63
formation of melanin fifth step
Keratinocytes phagotise the tips of the melatocyte process containing melansomes
64
melanin formation sixth step
melanin is transfered to neighbouring kertinocytes pigment donation
65
Melanin formation seventh step
once inside the keratincoytes mealsomes are released into the cytoplasm
66
melanin formation eighth step
melasomes are distributed within the keratincoytes with accumulations forming dark umbrellas that protect DNA from the sun UV
67
what are langerhans cells
resident immune cells of epidermis
68
what s their function
antigen presenting cells (dentires) and they replish themselves invade the skin from bloodstream
69
what is their appearance
pale with irregular nuclei
70
where are they found
in the stratum spinosum
71
what do merkels cells look like
round cells with pale staining cytoplasm
72
what is there function
touch receptors associated with nerve ending
73
where are the merkel cells found
highly tactile areas such as lips and fingertips
74
what are the two types of cells in the dermis
Papillary dermis reticular dermis
75
what is the papillary dermis
collagen I + III elastic fibres extensive plexus of vessels and nerves
76
Reticular dermis
dense irregular connective tissue collagen and elastic fibres larger blood vessels
77
what is the hypodermis moslty made of
adipose tissue extensive vascular supply
78
what else is there
septa of dense irregular connective tissue
79
what is its function
connect dermis to the underlying deep fascia
80
which one is higher the papillary dermis or retricular dermis
papillary dermis as it is closer to the epidermis to go into the epidermis

Histology One (14 decks)

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