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Histology One > Special Skin > Flashcards

Special Skin Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

what are the 5 layers of hair follicle

A

Hair shaft
intnerla root sheath
external root sheath
glassy membrane
fibrocollagengous connective tissue

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2
Q

what is below the hair follicle

A

Hair bulb

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3
Q

what is below the hair bulb

A

dermal hair pailla

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4
Q

what are the different areas of hair shaft

A

medualla - soft keratin
cortex - hard keratin
Cuticle

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5
Q

anagen

A

growth period of hair

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6
Q

what is telogen

A

inacivtity period of hair

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7
Q

catagen

A

regression period

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8
Q

what adds pigment to the hair shaft

A

mealocytes in the hair bulb

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9
Q

what happens to internal root sheath at the level of sebaceous gland

A

degenerate
before the sebaceous gland
it will grow along the hair shaft

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10
Q

what does the basal membrane seperatate

A

hair follicle + dermis

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11
Q

what is the arrector pilli muscle

A

smooth muscle

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12
Q

where is it

A

midpoint of the outer connective tissue sheath to the dermal papillae

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13
Q

what does it reiceve information from

A

symapethic nervous system
causing isolation

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14
Q

what type of glands are sebaceous gland

A

holocrine glands
simple or branches alvolear

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15
Q

what do they produce

A

sebum

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16
Q

what does this help

A

help with skin become supple and water resistance

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17
Q

what do they look like

A

pale staining ovoid masses with thin connective tissue capsule with a central nuclei

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18
Q

what is the sebum

A

lipid rich dedecamped cells

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19
Q

what is the function of sebum

A

it is oily mixture which helps make skin supply and water resistiant

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20
Q

what surrounds each alveolous

A

thin connective tissue

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21
Q

what do the alveolous open up into

A

common duct that are lined with stratified squamous epithelium which is continuous with the outer epithelial sheath o fthe hair follicle

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22
Q

once being released where do the sebum go

A

to the skin surface

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23
Q

what does each sebaceous gland contain

A

a peripheral layer of mitcocially active cuboidal cells

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24
Q

what does this give rise to

A

allows the accumlation of large amount of lipids in the cytoplasm

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25
what is the pilosebceous unit made of
hair hair follicle sebaceous glands arrector pili muscle
26
what do the keratinocytes that make up the hair bulb cosntalty undergoing
kernisation differintion into spefific hair types
27
what does thick hair form
they form medualla
28
How is a medulla formed by
central region of the root produce large vaculoated keratinsied cells
29
what forms the cortex
differeination into heavy kernatised groups of cells form the cortex
30
what forms thr cuticle
the peripheral cells that are heavily keratinised form the cuticle
31
what does the internal root sheath compelelty surround
the intiial part of the hair shaft
32
what does the external root sheath cover
the internal sheath
33
where does it extend to
all the way to the epidermis
34
what is it continuous with there
the basal and spinous layer
35
what is the glassly membrane
thickened basement membrane
36
what does the surrounding dermis form
connective tissue sheath
37
what do the cells in the hair root do
differeiantiate into hair medulla coretex and cuticle
38
what is asscoatied with the hair follicle - gland
apocrine gland
39
what do the sebaceous glands lack e
myoepthelial cells
40
what attaches to their capusles
arrector muscle
41
what does this allow
compression of the gland to expel sebum into the hair follicle neck
42
what is sweat glands dervied from
eptihelial embedded in the dermis
43
what are the two types of sweat glands
eccrine sweat glands apocrine sweat glands
44
where is eccvtrne found what is their secretion
widley distrubted across the body (thick skin) located dermis and hypodermis junction watery sweat from gland onto the surface
45
apocrine - where are they found what do they produce
restricted mainly to the axillae and pernineum produce a more protein rich secretion with pheromonal properties
46
what is apocrine innverated by
adrengeric nerves endinds
47
what does eccrine recieve
chloingeric fibres
48
what types of glands it he eccrine sweat gland
coiled tubular gland have small lumens
49
what type of epithelium is present of the secretory potion
stratified / puesodestated epitehlium
50
what is lighter the seceretory or the duct segment
secretory
51
what are the function of clear cells
columnar cells that produce sweat
52
what gets transported through the clear cells
intersisital fluid from the capillary rich dermis aroun the gland
53
what happens then
put in either direclty into the lumen or into intercellular canalucli that open to the lumen
54
where are dark cells found
line the luminal surface but DO NOT touch the basal lamina
55
what are dark cells filled with
mucoid and filled with glycoportiens containing grnaules
56
what is the function of the dark cells
innaite immunity with bacteridial activity
57
where is the meyoepithelial cells
on the basal lamina
58
what is there function
help discahrge secretion tinto the duct
59
what are the different layers of the ecccrine sweat gland
one more acidphillic with mitchodnria
60
Where are apocrine sweat glands found
axillae / gentilia
61
where do their ducts end
on the hair shaft
62
what do they produce
protien rich secretion with pheromonal properties
63
the secretory portion of the apocrine has a much larger what
lumen
64
what type of epithelial is the secretory portion of the aprocine sweat gland
simple cuboidal esophillic cells
65
where does the duct typically end
end of the hair shaft
66
What is the nail root
proximal part of the nail covered by skin fold
67
what forms the cuticle
epidermal stratum corneum exneding onto the proximal nail
68
what is the nail plate (kerantised) bound to
epidermis called the nail bed
69
what does the nail bed contain
basal and spinous layers
70
what does the nail plate arise from
the nail matrix
71
the is the lunula
proximal area of the nail
72
how does divsison occur
divide and move distallty and become ketainsie forming the name root
73
what does this mature as
a nail plate
74
what is the hypoychium
becomes free of the nail bed at the epidermal fold
75
what are the 3 plexus of the skin
superfifical papillary plexus deep reticular plexus subcutaneous plexus
76
what is the supefifical papillary plexus
subepidermal network of arterioles under the dermal paillae blood to the cpillary loop in each papillw
77
what is deep reticular plexus
small arteries veins and capillaries in the retcualr layer of the dermis
78
what is the subctuaneous plexus
muscualar arteries and veins in the hypodermis network parallele to the skin surface
79
what is glomus bodies
arterivenous shiunts in the deeper dermis - speically the lips and toes
80
what is the function of the glomus bodies
peripheral temperature regulatiomn
81
how do they do that
divert blood from superififcal into deep plexus to reduce heat loss
82
where does the lymapthic of occpuy
the venules
83
where are they also located
in deep and superififcal plexuses
84
what are the types of nerves
free or exncapulared nerve endings
85
Free Nerve endings what are they
can be myelinated or non meyleianted
86
what are they reponsible for
pain and itch senation and detcing tmepratur
87
where are they found
papillary dermis and send twigs into the epidermis where some of them associte with mekel cells
88
what does this cause
them to act as slowly adapting mechaism
89
what else do they do
Free nerve endings also ramify around hair follicles, in the perifollicular fibrous sheath, and some penetrate into the external root sheath.
90
wha tis Meisnners corupsules
: are rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors responsible for touch sensation. They are particularly prominent in the papillary dermis of the pulps of the fingers and toes, and soles and palms
91
what is paciain corpsule
are responsible for detection of deep pressure and vibration. In the skin they are usually found deep in the subcutis, singly or in small clusters, being particularly numerous in the palms and soles
92
thin and thick
epidermal ridges are shallow in thin keratin is thin contains hair follicles and sweat glands

Histology One (14 decks)

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