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Histology One > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Function

A

Form and support to the body and organ
Connect and anchor parts of organs
medium for exchange of nutrients oxygen and waste products
aids the defense and protection
stores fat for cushioning and thermoregulating

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2
Q

what does connective tissue arises from

A

embryonically from the mesoderm

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3
Q

what does the head connective tissue originates

A

neural crest extoderm

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4
Q

what are the two types of cells of connective tissue

A

resident
migrant

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5
Q

what is the extracellular matrix composed of

A

protien fibers
amorhous ground
tissue fluid

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6
Q

how much extracellular matrix

A

alot

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7
Q

what does areolar mean

A

loose

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8
Q

what is a resident cell

A

cells which a permanent component of connective tissue

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9
Q

examples of resident cell

A

fibroblasts , adipocytes and stem cells

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10
Q

what is migrant cell

A

cell present in the blood
they can spexicalise and migrate to become a part of connective tisuse

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11
Q

what is an example migrant cell

A

macropghaes , plasma and mast cells

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12
Q

what are the types of fibres

A

collagen , elastic and reticular fibres

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13
Q

what are some trypes of ground substance

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
proteoglycans
glycoporitens

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14
Q

what resident cells of soft and hard connective tissue

A

soft - fibroblasts and adipocytes
hard - osteocytes and chondrocytes

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15
Q

where is only fibroblasts found

A

only in dense regular connective tissue ~ tendon

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16
Q

what is the shape of fibroblasts

A

elongated cells with tapered ends

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17
Q

what is the function of fibroblasts

A

synthesis and secretions of ground substances

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18
Q

what is fibrocyte (activity

A

fibrocytes - mature connective tissues these cells are relatively inactive and immoblie

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19
Q

what is active fibroblasts

A

repair they rapidly proliferate and become active fibroblasts to form new ECM fibres and ground substances

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20
Q

how many nucules was the fibroblasts

A

one elliptical nucules usually euchromatic

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21
Q

what is the phillic of active or inactive

A

weakly basophillic - active
inactive - weakly acidphillic

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22
Q

why is the fibroblasts in some nucleus plae or dark

A

DNA is active opened up and active transciprtion and translation
cytoplasmic process are coloured dark which means the cell cytpolasm contain protiens basophillic nature

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23
Q

What is the function adipose cells

A

specialised for storage of netural fats

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24
Q

why is it called signet ring apperance

A

cytoplasm is dispalced to the peripheral region of cell by single large fat droplet
nucleus flattened and and surronded by a small amount of cytoplasm

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25
how many fat droplets in one adipose cells
one fat droplet
26
why does the adipose cell look empty
xlyene washes away or dissolves the fat droplet present in teh adipose cells and leave an empty space within the cell
27
where are leukocytes
white blood cell
28
what is the two forms granulocytes
neutrophils and eosinophils
29
what is neutrophils
leaves the bloodstream as a first reponse to infection while the eosinophils enter the connective tissue in an event of allergic reaction or in reponse to a parasticic inection
30
what is eosinophils
increase in number during allergic reason and parasitic diseases
31
what is macrophages dervied from (2)
from monocytes in the bone marrow some dervie from mesenchyme
32
how do the macrophages migrate
circualte in the blood before migrating into the connective tissue where they rapdily transform into macropahges
33
where do macrophages proliferate
locally
34
what are mast cells dervied from
bone marrow precursors
35
what does the location of mast cells near small blood vessels allow
them to perform many sentiel function for host defense
36
hat is the function of mast cells
release potent inflammatory mediators ~ histamine and anticogulant heparin chemotatic factors cytokines and metabolism of arachindonic acid that act on different tissue
37
what is herparin
anticagoulent while hisatmine icnreases the permeability of small blood vessels and in the airways it causes increase mucus production and smooth muscles contraction
38
what is lymphocytes
widley scatteed in connective tissue and are the smallest cells
39
what is the composition of the lymphocyte
small nucleus with almost no cytoplasm surronding it
40
where is plasma cells found
lamina propia of gastrointestinal tract
41
what is the nuclear chromastin of lymphcoytes
moslty condense and herechomatic alternting with light areas - clock face apperance
42
what does plasma cells
easily syntehsis protiens produce antibodies that are released locally and circualte the blood
43
what is plasma cells dervied from
B lymphocytes and are kown to tbe reponsible to produce the antobodies
44
what are the plasma riched with
rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and this is one of the characteristic of the cells that produce prtiens
45
what does antibodies produced by plasma cells help do what
neutalize harmful antigens, render toxins harmless, promote phagocytosis and as result protection the body from microoragism
46
what is mesenchyme
embryonic connective tissue that differentiates into cells that become fibroblasts, chondrocytes,, adipocytes and ostecytes
47
what can mesenchyme invade and migrate through
Extracellular matrix to create important transportation
48
where is mesenchymal common
in the walls of cappillaries outside the endothelium known as pericutes
49
what is loose arerolar
loosley packed fibres seperateded by abundant ground substances
50
what does areolar refer to
small fluid filled spaces in tissuew
51
what does loose mean
mainly the fibres of extracellualr matrix are arranged loosely
52
what is an example of loose areolar connective tissue
mesentery stroma of many organs
53
what is also found in loose areolar connective tissue
elastic fibres and fibroblast nuclei
54
what is dense connecitve tissue
densley packed bundles of collagen fibres
55
what is the portions of fibres to ground substances in dense connective
less ground substances more fibres
56
what are the two types of dense connective tissue
dense regular and dense irregular
57
what is irregular
the fibresbundles go in many different directions
58
what is an example of dense irregular connective tissue
dermis of the skin
59
what is dense regular connective tissue
bundles run in a regular arrangement of collagne bundles and fibroblasts are paralleled to one another
60
what is an example of dense regular connective tissue
tendon
61
what is adipose tissue
a type of connective tissue that stores the fat
62
how much ground substance are in the adipose tissue
little
63
where is adipose tissue moslty found
just beneath the skin
64
what is the function of adipose tissue
help shape the body while deposits int he form of pads to act as shock absorbers elsewhere it fills up the spaces between tissues and helps to keep tissues in position
65
what is brown fat / multicoular
many small fat droplets have alot of mitchochondria
66
where is brown fat moslty found
in the fetus / neonate
67
what happens to brown fat when it is oxidized
large amount of heat is generated
68
what is white fat
contains one large fat droptlet
69
what happens when whtie fat is oxidesed
ATP is produced
70
what is collagen syntehsised in
fibroblasts
71
what is collagen formed by
polypeptide chains
72
what is collagen fibres
are inelastic most common form has tensile strength (also flexible)
73
What are three specialised types of connective tissue in adults?
adipose , reticular and elastic
74
what can pro collagen not do
self assemble
75
how does procaollagne assmble
fibroblasts release procollagen molecules and theyw ill be transformed into collagen molecules and will assemble into a fibril outside the fibroblast
76
what is each collagen fibril made of
self assembling strands (3 strandes together)
77
what is this arrnagement of polypeptide chains called
triple helix arrangement
78
what do Type I Fibril make
skin bone dentin tendon and ligament
79
where is type II fibril found
cartilage , interveterbal disc and vitreous body
80
what is type III fibrils
skin blood vessels and internal organs
81
Type IV sheet like network
basal laminae
82
what is a reticualr fibre made of
type III collagen
83
what foes reticular fibres form
support netowkr in many organs
84
what do retciuarl fibres do for the liver lymph nodes and sleepn
form supporting scaffolding
85
what happens during healing for the reticular fibres
syntehsied by fibroblasts and are later replcaced by type I collagen
86
why are reticular fibres not present in HE
very thin but if they are stained with silver salts they turn black
87
what is elastic fibres made of
proien elastin and the microfibril fibrillin
88
what does elastic fibres form
random coils
89
what does cross links between elastin molecules cause
elastic array of fibres
90
where is elastic fibres found
blood vessels, lungs, mesentry
91
what is the funtion of elastic fibres
provide elasticity to tissue
92
what is linear polysacchardised formed by
charactersitic repeating dissacchride units
93
what forms proteoglycans
polysacchardies being bount to a protien core
94
GAGs help to gove
turgor and determine the diffusion of the substance through ECM
95
what is examples of glycosaminolgycans
keratin sulfate herpain sulfae and hyaluronic acid
96
what is proteoglycans
composed of core protiens which are covanlety attached
97
what can sulfated GAGS be
be various numbers or combinations
98
where are proteoglycans syntehised
RER
99
where do protelgycans mature
golgi + secreted by exocytsisc
100
what is the phillic of proteocyglcians
hydrophillic due to presence of hydroxyl carboxyl and sulphate groups
101
what is the function of protelgycans
trap water
102
what can structual glycoprotiens do
bind molecules ont he surface of cells (integrins) as well as extracellular matrix components
103
what do glycoporitens elastblish
strutucal conintuity between the cytoskeletona dn the extracellular matrix
104
what are exmaples of glycoportiens
fibronectin laminin chondronectin and osteonectin
105
what is fibrnectin
also binds ECM to EMC
106
what is laminin
found in basal lamina
107
what is chondronectin
found in caritlage
108
what is osteonectin
found in bone

Histology One (14 decks)

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