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Histology One > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of muscle

A

contraction

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2
Q

what is found in their cytoplasm

A

contractile fibres - also the cytoplasm

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3
Q

what is the force produced by

A

movement of the actin fibres over the myosin fibres

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4
Q

what are the types of msucle cells

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

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5
Q

what is myoepithelial cells

A

epithelial cells which have muscle like properties

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6
Q

what are myofibroblasts

A

connective tissue with contractile elements

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7
Q

what is pericytes relating to

A

vessels

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8
Q

what are myoepithelial cells associated with + example

A

secretory units of the exocrine glands
~ salivary or memory glands

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9
Q

what is the shape of myopeithlial

A

flattened cells

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10
Q

what does the myopeithelial contain

A

protein arrnagmenet similar to smooth muscle

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11
Q

what is myofibroblasts like charasertically

A

fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

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12
Q

what is the number of myofibrilblasts like normally

A

few in number

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13
Q

what happens to myofibrilblasts during injury
what happens at the end

A

they englarge and proliferate and secrete cologne to provide a scaffold
they contract the wound

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14
Q

pericytes are found where

A

capillaries and venules

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15
Q

what do pericytes act like

A

stem cells

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16
Q

what do pericytes control

A

capillary diameter by contractile properties

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17
Q

what muscle types have straitions

A

skeletal and cardiac

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18
Q

branching of different muscles

A

skeletal - unbranched
cardiac - branched
smooth - branched

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19
Q

what is the skeletal msucle nuclei like
size, shape , location

A

long
oval
in the peripheral part

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20
Q

what do the cells look like for skeletal muscle

A

long cylindrical multinucleted cells

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21
Q

what is the siize of skeletal muscle

A

10 - 100um
1000 - 200000 um length

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22
Q

where does differeination of skeletal muscle start

A

mesenchymal cells (myoblasts) of mesoderm

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23
Q

what happens to the myoblasts for skeletal muscle

A

align and fuse together to make long multinucated myotubes

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24
Q

what happens to myotubes - skeletal muscle

A

syntehise proteins that make up the myofilament and begin to show strations

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25
what happens to further development of the myofilaments - skeletal muscle
the nulcei dispalce peripherally against the sarcolemma
26
how are satellite cells formed
some of the myoblasts population does not fuse or differenatie but remains mesenchymal cells
27
where do these satellitecells locate themselves
external surface but inside the developing external lamina
28
what is the function of satellite cells
proliferate and produce new muscle fibres after injrury
29
What is the organisational levels of skeletal muscle
scaromoere - myofibril - muscle fibre - one facile - one muscle
30
what is the functional unit of skeletal muscle
sarcomere
31
what is a fasicle
muscle fibres boundled together
32
what is eipmysium
surrounds whole muscle
33
perimysium
surrounds single fasicle
34
enomysium
sourrinding a single muscle fibre
35
what are the dark and light bands also called
Dark band - A Light band - I
36
what does Anisotropic (A) mean
fibres are altered in polarised light
37
what does isotropic mean (I)
fibres do not alter under polarised light
38
how do the thick and thin filament sit among each other
they overlap
39
why is a hexagon shape formed by A an I bands
overlapping of light and dark shows each thick filament is surrounded by 6 thin filaments
40
Where is thick filament found
occur A band
41
where does thin filament run
between and parallel to thicj filament and have one end attached to the Z disc
42
what does the I band consist of
portion of thin filament that do not overlap the thick filament
43
what is the A band composed of
mainly thick filament plus the overlapping portion of thin filament
44
What is the H zone
only thick filament
45
What is the M line
lateral connections are made between teo adjacent thick thinaments
46
what is the thin filament composed of
tropomyosin g actin f actin active sites trophin complex
47
what is fecular actin formed by
by individual Globular actin
48
where is tropomyosin located
located in thegroove between two tiwsed actin strands
49
What are the different types of Troponin
I , C T
50
what does troponin T do
attaches to tropomyosin
51
what does troponin C do
attach to calcium ions
52
What does troponin I do
inhibits actin myosin interactions
53
what does thick filament consists of moslty
myosin
54
what is the head of thick filament
two globular heads of myosin
55
how are motor end plates formed
expnded motor axon terminals
56
what will motor axon terminals form
neuromuscular junctions with the membrane of the muscle cell
57
what does binding of a receptor do
initate the muscle fibre depolarisation which goes into the myofibrils and the t tubule
58
how many muscle fibres does one motor nueron innervate
10 to several hundred muscle fibres
59
what does fewer muscle fibres in a motor unit do to control movement
create finer control of movement
60
what is a motor end plate
special type of synapse on the surface of a muscle membrane
61
what does folding membrane in the sarcolemma increase
number of Ach receptors in the nmj
62
what is t tubules
branches of Sarcoplasmic membrane surrounding myofibril at the Ai junction of each scaromere
63
what does the scaroplasmic reticulum contain
very higher concentration of calcium ions and small branches
64
where is the sarcoplasmic reticulum lie
either side of the tubules
65
what is sarcoplasmic reticulum
netwrok of specliased smooth endoplasmic retciulum
66
what is triad
t tubule associated with the sarcomere is flanked by segment of sarcoplasmic reticulum three three together is known as a triad
67
events of muscle contraction
1. nerve impulses triggers the release of acetylchloine at the neuromuscular junction 2. acetylcholine binds to the motor end plate of the sarcolemma and intiates an impulse in the muscle fibre 3. the impulse spread quickly to the tibules which releases calcium ions from the cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. the calcium will bind to the troponin complex on the actin filament 5. exposed active site on the actin will attach to the myosin heads 6. myosin heads utilises ATP to slide to the actin filament over them 7. sarcomere short and thus the muscle will contract
68
What is the sliding filament model scarmoere
H zone - shorter I band - shorter A band - same
69
what are the stages of the sliding filament together
1. binding of myosin to the actin 2. power stroke - cross bridge pulling myofilament inward 3. detachment - cross bridge detached and returns to original set 4. cross bridge binds to more distal actin molecule
70
what is type I skeletal muscle fibres
slow, red and oxidiative
71
what is type II A
fast, intermediate oxidative glycolytic fibres
72
what is the type II B
fast white and glycolytic fires
73
what is myotendinous junction
specliased junction collagen of tendon attaches to end of the muscle fibres
74
where do sensory nerve exons penetrate
wrap around individual intrafusal fibre
75
what is the cardiac muscle made of
mesodermal cells
76
what is intercalated disc
have abudent desmosomes
77
what is dyad
one branch sarcoplasmic reticulum associated with each t tuble forming dyad rather than a triad
78
what is the role of satellite cells in skeletal remodelling
under the basal lamina press aginst the outer surface of the sarcolemma and proliferate and form ner fibres
79
what is the diameter of smooth muscle
5um and 20 - 500 um
80
what does acin and mysoin crisscross obliquely through the cell
formimg a lattice like network and contract by sliding filament mechanism
81
wht is troponin in smooth muscle
calmodulin
82
what is the MCLK
pjopshorylate myosin
83
what is the intermediate filament
desmin - i all mooth muscles vimentin - in vascular smooth muscles
84
what is smooth muscle contraction regulated by
autonomic nerves or certain hormones
85

Histology One (14 decks)

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