Building Blocks

Question 0

Monosaccharides

Answer 0

Single sugars, the building blocks

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

C6H12O6; used in energy storage

Question 2

Glucose

Answer 2

6C sugar, used for energy, “ blood sugar” (C6H12O6…. has an aldehyde and hydroxyl group)

Question 3

Fructose

Answer 3

6 carbon sugar, used for energy “ fruit sugar” ( C6H12O6…has hydroxyl and ketone group)

Question 4

Galactose

Answer 4

6carbon sugar, from lactose digestion

Question 5

Ribose

Answer 5

5 carbon sugar; found in RNA and ATP

Question 6

Deoxyribose

Answer 6

5 carbon sugar; found in DNA

Question 7

Disaccharide

Answer 7

Double sugars; ether linkage between sugars

Question 8

Sucrose

Answer 8

Table sugar; glucose + fructose

Question 9

Maltose

Answer 9

From starch digestion; glucose + glucose

Question 10

Lactose

Answer 10

Milk sugar; glucose + galactose

Question 11

Polysaccharides

Answer 11

Many sugars

Question 12

Glycogen

Answer 12

“Animal Starch” chain of glucose- we can break down

Question 13

Starch

Answer 13

Plant origin-chain of glucose- we can break down

Question 14

Cellulose

Answer 14

Cell wall in plants and algae(except blue green ), chain of glucose- we can’t break down.

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

C,H, and very few O

Question 16

Triglycerides/fats

Answer 16

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids ( building blocks) used for energy/ energy storage

Question 17

Glycerol

Answer 17

Has 3 hydroxyl groups

Question 18

Fatty acids

Answer 18

Has carboxyl group on end and carbon chain( hydrophobic)

Question 19

Phospholipid

Answer 19

Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate ( building blocks)

Used for cell membrane and organelle membrane structures in cells (C,H,O,P) * create phospholipid bilayer*

Question 20

Steroids/sterol

Answer 20

4 ring structure

Question 21

Cholesterol

Answer 21

Strengthens cell membranes in animal cells

Question 22

Ergosterol

Answer 22

Strengthens cell membranes in fungal cells

Question 23

Structures

Answer 23

Primary structure= actual chain of AA; bonds are strong
Secondary structure= coiling of AA; done by H- bonds that are weak
Tertiary= Distinct 3D shape driven by AA sequence so bonds are variable, some H, some S but they are weak.
Can Denature

Question 24

Proteins (C,H,O,N,P)

Answer 24

Building blocks= amino acids the R group varies 20 different aa Cysteine and methionine= AA with S group 500-1000 AA long

Question 25

Protein Functions

Answer 25

``` Enzymes Structural ( collagen) Transport Maintains osmotic pressure Antibodies that fight infection Helps muscle contract ( myosin & actin) ```

Question 26

Nuclei acids

Answer 26

C,H,O,N,P | Nucleotides: RNA and DNA building blocks( sugar/ monosaccharide + phosphate + nitrogen base)

Question 27

Organic molecules

Answer 27

Has C and H together

Question 28

Inorganic

Answer 28

Has either C or H or neither

Question 29

Hydroxyl

Answer 29

Soluble in water; ex: alcohol, sterols, carbs (-ol) R-OH

Question 30

Carboxyl

Answer 30

Always organic acid ex: amino acids, fatty acids, pyruvic acid One double bonded carbon attached to -oh

Question 31

Amine

Answer 31

Only one that has nitrogen. NH2 Ex: amino acids,nitrogen bases double bonded Carbon attached to hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 32

Aldehyde

Answer 32

R-COH Double bonded carbon attached to oxygen and hydrogen No O @ end Ex: formaldehyde,glutaraldehyde

Question 33

Ketone

Answer 33

Ex: ketones, acetone R-CO-R Double bonded O In between two carbons

Question 34

Ester

Answer 34

Ex: triglycerides, phospholipids R-COO-R Double bonded carbon attached to O on both ends

Question 35

Ether

Answer 35

Puts sugar together Ex: disaccharides R-COC-R

Question 36

Sulfhydryl

Answer 36

Ex: proteins R-SH Only one that has sulfer and hydrogen

Question 37

Phosphate

Answer 37

Ex: ATP, DNA, RNA, Phospholipids | R-PO4