Micro EX 1: Chemistry Terms

Question 0

Atomic weight

Answer 0

of protons and neutrons

Question 1

Atomic #

Answer 1

of protons

Question 2

Electrons

Answer 2

Negative charged; no weight

Question 3

Protons

Answer 3

Positive charged ; has weight

Question 4

Neutrons

Answer 4

Neutral in charge; has weight

Question 5

Nucleus of an atom

Answer 5

Center; contain neutrons and protons

Question 6

Orbitals

Answer 6

Contain electrons; 2,8, 8

Question 7

Atoms

Answer 7

Smallest unit of an element

Question 8

Isotope

Answer 8

Different # of neutrons in nucleus; different atomic weight

Question 9

Ions

Answer 9

Charge on atom; lose or gain electron

Question 10

Cations

Answer 10

Positive charged ion; loses electrons

Ex: H, Na, K, Ca, Mg

Question 11

Anions

Answer 11

Negative charged ion; gain electrons

Ex: Cl, HCO3, PO4

Question 12

Molecular Formula

Answer 12

Tell you # of atoms in each element

Ex: H2O, CO2

Question 13

Structural Formula

Answer 13

Tells you structure

Ex. O=C=O

Question 14

Isomer

Answer 14

Same molecular formula but has different structure.

Ex: fructose, glucose, and galactose

Question 15

Covalent bonds

Answer 15

Stable; share electrons

Question 16

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 16

Weak; bond between H-O and H-N

Question 17

Synthesis reaction

Answer 17

Makes things bigger

Ex: A+ B —-> AB

Question 18

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 18

Make things smaller

Ex: AB —> A+ B

Question 19

Exchange Reaction

Answer 19

Switches

Ex: AB+CD —-> AD+CB ( HCl(acid)+ NaOH(base) —–> H2O + NaCl)

Question 20

Reversible Reaction

Answer 20

A+B <—-> AB ( excessive product drives this)

Ex: ATP <—–> ADP+ P + Energy

Question 21

Electrolytes

Answer 21

Ions

Question 22

Ionic bonds

Answer 22

Oppositely charged ions

Ex: acids, bases, and salts, HCl, NaOH (breaksdown in water)

Question 23

Acids

Answer 23

Release H(-)

Ex: HCl —-> H(+) + Cl(-)

Question 24

Bases

Answer 24

Releases ions that reacts with H+ Ex: NaOH -----> Na(+) + OH(-) (OH will react with H)

Question 25

Salts

Answer 25

Ionize but no H or anything to remove it. Ex: NaCl -----> Na(+) + Cl(-)

Question 26

Ph scale

Answer 26

Ph = -log [H] so decrease in number= increase in H ions ( inversely related) ``` Strong acids 1-4 Weak acids 5-6 Neutral 7 Weak bases 8-10 Strong bases 11-14 ```

Question 27

List the types of chemical reactions.

Answer 27

Synthesis reaction, exchange reaction, decomposition reactions & reversible reaction

Question 28

Name the different kind of bonds.

Answer 28

Ionic bond, hydrogen bond, covalent bond