Micro EX 1: Microbial Growth

Question 1

pH formula

Answer 1

pH= -log[H]

Question 2

most bacteria thrive between what range

Answer 2

6-8

Question 3

most fungi thrive between what range

Answer 3

5-6

Question 4

Describe acidophiles

Answer 4

likes acid

Question 5

Define Ketoacidosis

Answer 5

ketosis in body increases; prone to fungal growth

ex: yeast infection

Question 6

Human normal temperature in Celsius

Answer 6

37 degrees C

Question 7

everything a minimum and maximum temperature; if it was below min? if was above max?

Answer 7

below minimum: dont die

above maximum: die

Question 8

Define Psycho

Answer 8

likes the cold

Question 9

Psychophiles

Answer 9

10-15 degrees C

Question 10

Psychotrophs

Answer 10

0-30 degrees C

Question 11

Mesophiles (normal flora & pathogens)

Answer 11

10-50 degrees C

Question 12

Thermophiles (soil bacteria & compost)

Answer 12

40-70 degrees C

Question 13

Hyperthermophiles (hot springs, ocean vents, volcanoes)

Answer 13

65-110 degrees C

Question 14

What are the 3 Physical Growth Requirements?

Answer 14

pH, Osmotic Pressure, Temperature

Question 15

Osmotic Pressure: lots of particles less water

Answer 15

Hypertonic

Question 16

Examples of hypertonic

Answer 16

NaCl (salt water) & honey

Question 17

Osmotic Pressure: equal amounts of particles & water

Answer 17

Isotonic

Question 18

Define Plasmolysis

Answer 18

they shrink but not cell wall

Question 19

What thrives in Hypertonic solution?

Answer 19

Halophiles & Facultative Halophiles

Question 20

What can live w/ or w/o salt water?

Answer 20

Facultative Halophiles

Question 21

Examples of Isotonic

Answer 21

0.9% NaCl & 5% glucose

Question 22

Osmotic Pressure: little particles more water

Answer 22

Hypotonic

Question 23

In hypotonic solution what prevents the bacteria from bursting? Name 1 example

Answer 23

cell wall

Ex: Myoplasma

Question 24

what are the 3 chemical requirements for microbial growth

Answer 24

Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 25

What makes their own food from CO2?

Answer 25

autotrophs

Question 26

What are the 2 types of autotrophs?

Answer 26

photoautrophs & chemoautotrophs

Question 27

Which autotrophs uses sunlight for energy?

Answer 27

photoautrophs

Question 28

Which autotrophs uses chemical reactions for energy?

Answer 28

chemoautrophs

Question 29

What need organic molecules (carbon) for food?

Answer 29

Heterotrohphs

Question 30

Define Nitrogen fixed bacteria

Answer 30

N-H or N-O to make usable compounds by plants

Question 31

Define Nodules in Roots of Legumes

Answer 31

symbiotic Nitrogen fixing bactera; Nitrogen gas converted into ammonia

Question 32

Define Crop Rotation

Answer 32

replace different nutrients back into soil

Question 33

Define Fertilization Production

Answer 33

crops--> ammonia nitrates--> animals--> denitrification--> atmospheric nitrogen fixation--> nitrogen fixing bacteria--> ammonia nitrates

Question 34

Describe Obligate Aerobe

Answer 34

needs O2

Question 35

Describe Micro Aerophilic

Answer 35

needs small amounts of O2

Question 36

Describe Facultative Anaerobe

Answer 36

thrive w/ or w/o O2

Question 37

Describe Obligate Anaerobe

Answer 37

don't need O2

Question 38

Example of Obligate Aerobe

Answer 38

Bacillus

Question 39

Example of Micro Aerophilic

Answer 39

Helicobacter pylori

Question 40

Example of Facultative Anaerobe

Answer 40

E. coli

Question 41

Example of Obligate Anaerobe

Answer 41

Clostridium

Question 42

What are the 4 stages of Bacterial Growth Curve?

Answer 42

1. Lag Phase 2. Log Phase 3. Stationary Phase 4. Death Phase

Question 43

Bacterial Growth Curve: exponential growth in population

Answer 43

Log Phase

Question 44

Bacterial Growth Curve: preparation for population growth

Answer 44

Lag Phase

Question 45

Bacterial Growth Curve: population decreasing logarithmically

Answer 45

Death Phase

Question 46

Bacterial Growth Curve: period of equilibrium for microbial death balance for production of new cells

Answer 46

Stationary Phase

Question 47

Describe Culture

Answer 47

actual microbes; pure culture: 1 organism growing only

Question 48

Describe Media

Answer 48

where bacteria live on; comes in liquid(broth) or solid(agar)

Question 49

Describe the origin of Agar

Answer 49

derived from red algae

Question 50

Define Agar

Answer 50

thickening agent

Question 51

What type of Media do we use in lab? Name 2 examples

Answer 51

Complex Media; tryptic soy agar & nutrient broth

Question 52

What type of Media do we not use in lab & use for high dollar research?

Answer 52

Chemically defined Media

Question 53

Define Fastidous Microbes

Answer 53

hard to grow; needs lots of organic foods

Question 54

Example of a Fastidous Microbe

Answer 54

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 55

List the Prokaryotic Structures

Answer 55

Capsule, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, ribosome, pili, flagella, & Nucleoid