cardiac

Question 1

types of chest pain

Answer 1

stable, unstable, variant

Question 2

stable chest pain

Answer 2

with activity, relieved with nitro or rest

Question 3

unstable chest pain

Answer 3

unpredictable, may or may not be relieved with nitro

Question 4

variant chest pain

Answer 4

due to coronary artery spasm, may occur at rest

Question 5

s/s of MI

Answer 5

chest pain, sweating, SOB, anxiety

Question 6

types of MI

Answer 6

ST and non-STI

Question 7

s/s of MI for females

Answer 7

tired, indigestion, shoulder/jaw pain

Question 8

nursing for MI

Answer 8

ABC, VS, ECG, cardiac marker bloodwork, O2, nitro, morphine

Question 9

PCI

Answer 9

catheter inserted into femoral or radial vein and advanced into the pulmonary artery to see blockage

Question 10

peripheral arterial disease

Answer 10

atherosclerosis causes decreased blood flow to lower extremities

Question 11

s/s of peripheral arterial disease

Answer 11

muscle pain, hair loss, decreased

pulses, cool skin, dry skin

Question 12

coronary artery disease

Answer 12

narrowing of a coronary artery due to

atherosclerosis

Question 13

s/s of coronary artery disease

Answer 13

chest pain, SOB, fatigue

Question 14

meds for mechanical valves are

Answer 14

lifetime anticoagulant therapy to avoid clot

Question 15

pacemaker

Answer 15

provides electrical stimulation to maintain heart rate when pt’s intrinsic pacemaker (SA node) cannot

Question 16

nursing after pacemaker surgery

Answer 16

monitor bleeding, no cellphone over site, no MRI, microwaves are safe, avoid heavy lifting

Question 17

types of congestive heart failure

Answer 17

left and right

Question 18

left sided congestive heart failure

Answer 18

fluid in lungs, SOB, high RR, crackles

Question 19

right sided congestive heart failure

Answer 19

edema in peripheries, weight gain, JVD

Question 20

nursing for congestive heart failure

Answer 20

O2, diuretics, I/O, restrict diet, monitor daily weight

Question 21

mean arterial pressure

Answer 21

average pressure in systemic circulation, SBP + (DBP x 2) /3

Question 22

normal MAP

Answer 22

60-70

Question 23

central venous pressure

Answer 23

R ventricular preload

Question 24

normal central venous pressure

Answer 24

2-8 mmHg

Question 25

cardiac tamponade

Answer 25

fluid in the pericardium

Question 26

s/s of cardiac tamponade

Answer 26

pulsus paradoxus: drop in BP by more than 10 mmHg when inspiration, high CVP, JVD, clear lungs, muffled heart sounds, low CO

Question 27

nursing for cardiac tamponade

Answer 27

IV fluids, pericardiocentesis

Question 28

s/s of pericarditis

Answer 28

chest pain, fever

Question 29

how pericarditis diagnosed?

Answer 29

pericardial friction rub, sounds like leather rubbing against leather

Question 30

where to do pericardial friction rub?

Answer 30

image

Question 31

ecg of pericarditis

Answer 31

ST elevation in all leads

Question 32

JVD

Answer 32

neck vein is bulging out

Question 33

DVT

Answer 33

warm skin, leg pain, swelling

Question 34

risk factors for DVT

Answer 34

Virchow’s triad

Question 35

Virchow’s triad

Answer 35

venous stasis: gathering of blood in veins, vein damage. lots of coagulation

Question 36

nursing for DVT

Answer 36

elevate, don't put pillow or massage or sit too long, anti embolism stockings, warm compress, meds (antithrombolytics)

Question 37

nursing for pericarditis

Answer 37

elevate HOB to 30-40, meds (pain, antibiotics), monitor for tamponade

Question 38

myocarditis

Answer 38

fever, murmur

Question 39

nursing for myocarditis

Answer 39

O2, meds (pain anti-dysrhythmics, antibiotics)

Question 40

endocarditis

Answer 40

inflammation of inner lining

Question 41

s/s of endocarditis

Answer 41

fever, murmur, clubbing

Question 42

nursing for endocarditis

Answer 42

meds (antibiotics)

Question 43

causes of clots

Answer 43

venous stasis, hypercoagulability, vein damage, pregnancy, UC, birth control, oral contraceptive use, fractures as stops blood flow

Question 44

hypertension

Answer 44

normal BP: SBP 120/80 pre-hypertension: SBP 120-139 DBP 80-89 Stage 1 hypertension: SBP 140-159 DBP 90-99 Stage 2 hypertension: SBP > 160 DBP >100 hypertensive crisis: SBP > 180 DBP > 120

Question 45

electrical conduction of heart

Answer 45

SA node: main pacemaker that makes every heartbeat, keeps 60-100 bpm AV node: if does not receive electrical conduction from SA node, then makes 40-60 bpm by itself Bundle of His: has left and right branch in the ventricles, if does not receive electrical conduction from SA or AV nodes, then makes 20-40 bpm by itself