GI system

Question 1

retroperitoneal hemorrhage

Answer 1

low BP, back pain, Grey-Turner sign: bruising of the flanks, hematoma

Question 2

nursing for colostomy

Answer 2

keep liquid stool from leaking out as digestive enzymes are irritating, change bag q5-10 days, increase fluid intake, empty bag when 1/3 full

Question 3

UC

Answer 3

chronic inflammation leading to poor absorption of nutrients in rectum

Question 4

s/s of UC

Answer 4

mucus in stool, bloody diarrhea

Question 5

nursing for UC

Answer 5

NPO, IV fluids, monitor stools, low fiber diet, supplements

Question 6

Chron’s

Answer 6

inflammation in GI tract

Question 7

nursing for Chron’s

Answer 7

NPO, IV fluids, monitor stools, low fiber diet, supplements

Question 8

s/s of bowel perforation

Answer 8

guarding, pain, distending

Question 9

nursing for GERD

Answer 9

peppermint, chocolate, coffee, fried foods, carbonated drinks, and alcohol

meds (antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, or PPIs)

Question 10

diverticulitis

Answer 10

pouches in GI tract get infected

Question 11

nursing for diverticulitis

Answer 11

clear liquid, meds (antibiotics)

Question 12

diverticulosis

Answer 12

pouches in GI tract

Question 13

s/s of diverticulosis

Answer 13

no symptoms and no treatment needed

Question 14

if peptic ulcer disease is gastric

Answer 14

vomiting of blood

Question 15

if peptic ulcer disease is duodenal

Answer 15

melena stool

Question 16

esophageal varices

Answer 16

enlarged veins in esophagus

Question 17

nursing for esophageal varices

Answer 17

monitor for hemorrhage as is life-threatening

Question 18

nursing for enteral feeding

Answer 18

ensure HOB 30-45 degrees pre and post, tube flushes pre and post, assess bowels

Question 19

paracentesis

Answer 19

removal of fluid from peritoneal cavity

done at beside when pt edge of bed sitting up

Question 20

nursing for paracentesis

Answer 20

ensure weight, pt voided, up position BEFORE

dry, sterile dressing and measure fluid removed AFTER

Question 21

colonoscopy

Answer 21

lining of large intestine examine

pt on L side lying down knees to chest

Question 22

nursing for colonoscopy

Answer 22

clear liquid diet day before, meds (cleanse colon), NPO for procedure

Question 23

ERCP/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Answer 23

camera down esophagus to see liver, pancreas, etc.

Question 24

nursing for ERCP

Answer 24

NPO BEFORE

ensure gag reflex AFTER

Question 25

nursing for dysphagia

Answer 25

thickened liquids, HOB 30-45, swallow twice before next bite, avoid OTC cold medications as decreases saliva

Question 26

types of gastritis

Answer 26

acute and chronic

Question 27

acute gastritis

Answer 27

stomach inflammation due to contaminated food

Question 28

chronic gastritis

Answer 28

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 29

nursing for | chronic gastritis

Answer 29

NPO, avoid irritating foods, meds (antibiotics, antacids)

Question 30

dumping syndrome

Answer 30

emptying of gastric content

Question 31

s/s of dumping syndrome

Answer 31

usually 30 mins after eating

Question 32

nursing for dumping syndrome

Answer 32

small meals, avoid fluids while eating, avoid irritating foods, high protein + fat and low carbs

Question 33

types of cholecystitis

Answer 33

acute and chronic

Question 34

acute cholescystitis

Answer 34

associated with gallstones

Question 35

chronic cholecystitis

Answer 35

due to problems in emptying

Question 36

cholecystitis

Answer 36

inflammation of gallbladder

Question 37

s/s of cholecystitis

Answer 37

RUQ pain, guarding, jaundice, orange urine, fat | + clay-coloured stool, Murphy's sign: hard to breathe when press down

Question 38

nursing for cholecystitis

Answer 38

NPO, eat small meals, low fat meals

Question 39

cirrhosis

Answer 39

destruction of hepatocytes leads to scar tissue

Question 40

complications of cirrhosis

Answer 40

portal hypertension, ascites, esophageal varices, jaundice because liver cannot make bilirubin, portal systemic encephalopathy because liver cannot detoxify ammonia which is a neurotoxic agent

Question 41

nursing for cirrhosis

Answer 41

meds (supplements, diuretics for ascites, antibiotics + lactulose to decrease ammonia), limit fluids, limit sodium, enteral/parenteral feeding, avoid opioids + alcohol, monitor ammonia levels, LOC, weight patients

Question 42

appendicitis

Answer 42

inflammation of appendix, DANGEROUS as can lead to sepsis

Question 43

s/s of appendicitis

Answer 43

RLQ pain, guarding

Question 44

nursing for appendicitis

Answer 44

NPO, IV fluids, DO NOT apply heat or palpate abdomen as can cause rupture, ice packs,, avoid laxatives

Question 45

nursing for constipation

Answer 45

exercise as increases peristalsis, high fiber diet to soften stool, fluids, avoid caffeine

Question 46

IBS

Answer 46

chronic inflammation

Question 47

s/s of IBS

Answer 47

++++ diarrheic

Question 48

nursing for IBS

Answer 48

monitor hgb, I/O

Question 49

pancreatitis

Answer 49

inflammation of pancreas

Question 50

s/s of pancreatitis

Answer 50

greasy stools, Cullen's sign: discolored abdomen, Turner's sign: blue flank

Question 51

why should you not stop TPN abruptly?

Answer 51

can cause hypoglycemia

Question 52

nursing for TPN

Answer 52

monitor BS

Question 53

large bowel obstruction

Answer 53

COMPLETE constipation, no flatulence

Question 54

nursing for small and large bowel obstruction

Answer 54

NPO, NG tube, IV fluids, meds for pain management

Question 55

paralytic ileus

Answer 55

halting of peristalsis for 1-2 days after bowel procedure no bowel sounds should be able to auscultated

Question 56

stool types

Answer 56

black stool --> upper GI bleed bright red --> lower GI bleed blood on surface of stool --> hemorrhoids

Question 57

stages of hepatitis

Answer 57

pre-icteric – flu-like symptoms icteric – jaundice, elevated bilirubin, dark urine post-icteric: back to normal

Question 58

types of hepatitis

Answer 58

**VOWELS ARE IN THE BOWELS** A, E: fecal to oral transmission B,C: blood or sex transmission D: **NEED B TO HAVE D**

Question 59

nursing for hepatitis

Answer 59

hand hygiene, pt should be in own room, avoid alcohol, high carb + low fat meals, pt cannot donate blood, HCP should be aware of needle sticks, vaccinate

Question 60

what enzymes released when damage to liver?

Answer 60

ALT and AST