nursing basics

Question 1

fire safety

Answer 1

RACE

R = rescue pts in danger
A = activate alarm, 
C = contain fire by closing windows and doors
E  = extinguish fire if small

Question 2

neutropenic precautions

Answer 2

immunocompromised pts

Question 3

use for PICC

Answer 3

long term IV antibiotics, chemotherapy, nutrition

Question 4

nursing for PICC

Answer 4

monitor for infection, sterile dressing change, hold breath during change, have pt turn head during use of line

Question 5

if suspected air embolism in PICC

Answer 5

Trendelenburg + lie on left side

Question 6

injections

Answer 6

intadermal:

inner forearm, chest, and back
27-30 G
10-15 degree
0.1-0.2 mL can inject

Question 7

conversions

Answer 7

1 teaspoon = 5 ml
1 oz = 30 ml
1 quart = 2 pints
1 tablespoon = 15 ml = 3 teaspoons
1 cup = 8oz
1 pint = 2cups
1 gram (g) = 1,000 mg	
1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 lbs
1 lb = 16oz
1 mcg = 0.000001 g	
1 mg = 1000 mcg or 0.001 g

Question 8

types of fluid in cells

Answer 8

intravascular: fluid inside a blood vessel, intracellular: fluid inside cell, extracellular: fluid outside the cells

Question 9

how to determine acid/base

Answer 9

metabolic acidosis: low pH, low HCO3
diseases: DKA, diarrhea
high RR as wants to get out acid

metabolic alkalosis:
high PH, high HCO3
diseases: vomiting, GI suctioning
low RR as wants to keep in CO2 to neutralize

respiratory acidosis:
low pH, high CO2
high RR as wants to get out acid

respiratory alkalosis:
high pH, low CO2
diseases: hyperventilation
low RR as wants to keep in CO2 to neutralize

Question 10

what system controls CO2?

Answer 10

lungs

Question 11

what system controls HCO3?

Answer 11

kidneys

Question 12

normal lab values

Answer 12

K: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Na: 135-145 mEq/L
Ca: 8.5-10.5 mg/L
Cl: 95-105 mEq/L
Mg: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
phosphate: 2.5-2.5 mg/dL
RBC: 4.5-5.0 million
WBC: 5-10K
platelets: 200-400K
hgb: 12-15 g (female) or 14-18 g (male)
pH: 7.35-7.45
CO2: 35-45 mEq/L
HCO3: 24-26 mEq/L
PaO2: 80-100%
glucose: 70-110 mg/dL or 4-6 mmol/L
HBA1C: <7%
specific gravity: 1.010-1.030
BUN: 7-22 mg/dL
creatinine: 0.6-1.35 mg/dL
LDH: 100-190 U/L
triglycerides: 40-50 mg/dL
total cholesterol: 130-200 mg/dL
bilirubin: <1.0 mg/dL
protein: 6.2-8.1 g/dL
albumin: 3.4-5.0 g/dL
PTT: 20-36 seconds (if on heparin: 1.5-2.5x normal)
PT: 9-11 seconds
INR: 0.9-1.8 (if on warfarin: 2-3x normal)