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nclex > peds > Flashcards

peds Flashcards

1
Q

impetigo

A

bacterial infection of skin

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2
Q

causes of impetigo

A

poor hygiene, infected bite, hot weather

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3
Q

s/s of impetigo

A

itchy, burning, honey-coloured crusted lesion, pus

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4
Q

nursing for impetigo

A

contact precautions, keep lesion open to air, daily clean, warm compress with saline to area, meds (antibiotics), hand hygiene

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5
Q

s/s of lice

A

itchy scalp

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6
Q

nursing for lice

A

meds (Pediculicide), fine tooth comb, daily clean, no sharing of items

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7
Q

s/s of anemia

A

pale, weak

hypochromic (less red than normal) and microcytic (smaller than normal) RBC, low hemoglobin + hemocrit

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8
Q

nursing for anemia

A

iron supplement

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9
Q

what education for iron supplements?

A

side effects: constipation, dark stools

give with fruit juice for max absorption, avoid giving with milk or antacids as decreases absorption

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10
Q

hemophilia

A

X linked recessive disorder that causes bleeding due to problems with factor involved in coagulation

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11
Q

types of hemophilia

A

A and B

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12
Q

hemophilia A

A

no Factor 8

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13
Q

hemophilia B

A

no Factor 9

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14
Q

s/s of hemophilia

A

bleeding, epistaxis/nosebleed, easy bruising

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15
Q

nursing for hemophilia

A

monitor for bleeding, replace factor, assess LOC due to increased risk of of cranial hemorrhage, avoid contact sports

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16
Q

Von Willebrand’s Disease

A

no von Willebrand factor causing bleeding of mucous membranes

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17
Q

s/s of Von Willebrand’s Disease

A

nosebleed, bleeding and bruising of gums, more menstrual bleeding

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18
Q

risks of vomiting

A

dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic alkalosis, aspiration pneumonia

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19
Q

nursing for vomiting

A

NPO, IV fluids

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20
Q

risks of diarrhea

A

dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic alkalosis

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21
Q

nursing for constipation

A

high fiber, more fluids, meds (enema, stool softeners, laxatives)

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22
Q

cleft lip/palate

A

due to failure of fusing of tissue or bone

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23
Q

complications of cleft lip/palate

A

speech impairment, otitis media

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24
Q

cleft lip repair

A

3-6 months

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25
Q

cleft palate repair

A

6-24 months

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26
Q

nursing for cleft lip/palate

A

assess ability to breathe, monitor I/O, daily weigh, milk should be directed to side/back of mouth, feed should be ESSR + small amounts, suction

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27
Q

ESSR

A

enlarge nipple, simulate sucking reflex, swallow, rest

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28
Q

esophageal atresia

A

food enters lungs due to problems with esophagus

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29
Q

s/s of esophageal atresia

A

3 C’s (coughing, choking, cyanosis)

frothy saliva, high RR

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30
Q

nursing for esophageal atresia

A

NPO, IV fluids, suction, supine, meds (antibiotics) as aspiration pneumonia possible

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31
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease

A

no ganglion cells in rectum which means that muscles in rectum cannot move stool out

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32
Q

s/s of Hirschsprung’s disease

A

abdominal distention, constipation

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33
Q

s/s of Hirschsprung’s disease

A

monitor for enterocolitis, low fiber/high cal/high protein diet, meds (stool softeners), rectal irrigation, NPO, daily weights

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34
Q

enterocolitis

A

inflammation of GI tract

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35
Q

intussusception

A

block in GI tract

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36
Q

s/s of intussusception

A

bile stained vomit, jelly-like stool, distended abdomen, sausage shaped mass in RUQ

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37
Q

nursing for intussusception

A

monitor for perforation, NGT, meds (antibiotics), IV fluids

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38
Q

when intussusception cured?

A

pass normal stool

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39
Q

umbilical hernia

A

bowel protrudes through opening in abdominal wall

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40
Q

incarcerated hernia

A

*MEDICAL EMERGENCY, intestine trapped and stops blood supply

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41
Q

conjunctivitis

A

eye infection

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42
Q

causes of conjunctivitis

A

bacterial, viral

*BOTH VERY CONTAGIOUS

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43
Q

s/s of conjunctivitis

A

redness, edema, discharge, burning

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44
Q

nursing for conjunctivitis

A

hang hygiene, meds (antibiotics, eye drops), no sharing of items, no school until 24 hrs post antibiotics administration, no eye makeup

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45
Q

otitis media

A

infection in middle ear

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46
Q

causes of otitis media

A

after resp infection, children

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47
Q

how to prevent otitis media

A

feed infant upright, breast feed for 6 months, avoid smoking, immunizations

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48
Q

s/s of otitis media

A

fever, ear pain, crying, no appetite, head rolling side to side, pulling on ear, ear drainage, red tympanic membrane

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49
Q

pinna when giving meds for otitis media

A

under 3 years: pinna down

over 3 years: pinna up

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50
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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51
Q

nursing for epistaxis

A

do not lie pt down as risk of aspiration

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52
Q

epiglottitis

A

bacterial infection of epiglottis

*EMERGENCY as affects ability to breathe

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53
Q

s/s of epiglottitis

A

fever, red throat, painful swallowing, no cough, stridor, drooling, tripod position

54
Q

nursing for epiglottis

A

patent airway, do not measure oral temp, NPO, do not leave child unattended, avoid supine position, meds (antibiotics, antipyretics), cool mist, *DO NOT TRY TO LOOK AT THROAT OR TAKE CULTURE AS CAN CAUSE SPASM THAT BLOCKS AIRWAY

55
Q

tripod position

A

hunched over in chair

56
Q

respiratory syncytial virus/RSV causes

A

affects ciliated cells so increased mucus production and causes respiratory infections

57
Q

s/s of RSV

A

flu-like symptoms

58
Q

nursing for RSV

A

contact precautions, patent airway, cool O2, suction, meds (antivirals, antipyretics), IV fluids

59
Q

CF

A

no cure, autosomal recessive trait that causes thick secretions in lungs

60
Q

s/s of CF

A

frothy stools, very high concentration of salt in sweat, SOB

61
Q

nursing for CF

A

meds (antibiotics), chest physiotherapy, huff cough, bronchodilators, O2, high cal/protein/fat, monitor stools, pancreatic enzyme replacement within 30 min of eating, salt replacement

62
Q

when can chest physiotherapy not be done?

A

after eating

63
Q

risk of SIDS

A

prone sleep position, overheating, co-sleeping, mother who abused substances while pregnant, excessive sheets in bed, baby exposure to smoke

64
Q

incidence of SIDS lower in

A

breastfed babies

65
Q

atrial septal defect

A

opening between atria so oxygenated blood goes to right side of heart

66
Q

s/s of atrial septal defect

A

low BP, high HR, pale

67
Q

atrioventricular

canal defect

A

seen in Down syndrome, incomplete fusion of endocarditis

68
Q

s/s of atrioventricular

canal defect

A

murmur,

decreased CO

69
Q

patent ductus

arteriosus

A

shunt connecting aorta + pulmonary

artery does not close

70
Q

s/s of patent ductus

arteriosus

A

murmur, decreased CO

71
Q

prone position

A

how i sleep LOL

72
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

open between left and right ventricles

73
Q

s/s of ventricular septal defect

A

murmur

74
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of aortic value affecting flow of blood from left ventricle to aorta causing LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY

75
Q

s/s of aortic stenosis

A

murmur, decreased CO, chest pain

76
Q

coarction of aorta

A

narrowing near ductus arteriosus

77
Q

s/s of coarction of aorta

A

bp higher systolic than diastolic, cool lower extremities, decreased CO,

78
Q

pulmonary stenosis

A

narrowing at pulmonary artery causing RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY

79
Q

s/s of pulmonary stenosis

A

murmur, decreased CO, cyanosis at birth

80
Q

complication of pulmonary stenosis

A

pulmonary atresia

81
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

baby’s heart doesn’t form correctly

82
Q

s/s of Tetralogy of Fallot

A

murmur, clubbing, cyanosis at birth

83
Q

tricuspid atresia

A

tricuspid valve does not develop causing unoxygenated and oxygenated blood

84
Q

s/s of tricuspid atresia

A

clubbing, SOB

85
Q

transposition of

great arteries

A

two main arteries leaving the heart are reversed (pulmonary artery and aorta)

86
Q

s/s of transposition of

great arteries

A

cyanosis at birth, cardiomegaly

87
Q

rheumatic fever

A

autoimmune disease affecting connective tissue of heart, CNS, etc.

88
Q

s/s of rheumatic fever

A

chorea/involuntary movement of face, fever, carditis/inflammation of mitral valve, red lesions on trunk

89
Q

nursing for rheumatic fever

A

meds (antibiotics, pain, anti-inflammatories), seizure precautions if chorea, ask about recent sore throat

90
Q

complication of rheumatic fever

A

rheumatic heart disease

91
Q

cause of rheumatic fever

A

untreated strep or scarlet fever

92
Q

Kawasaki Disease

A

immune disease

93
Q

complication of Kawasaki Disease

A

aneurysms

94
Q

s/s of Kawasaki Disease

A

fever, red throat, cracked lips, peeling skin

95
Q

nursing for Kawasaki Disease

A

monitor for fever, assess skin due to peeling, soft food diet, ROM exercises, meds (aspirin)

96
Q

s/s of nephrotic syndrome

A

weight gain, edema, low urine output, hypertension

protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels

97
Q

enuresis

A

pt cannot control bladder

98
Q

crytorchidism

A

testes fail to descend into scrotum

99
Q

epispadias + hypospadias

A

defect of the urethra where the tube not fully formed and urine comes out of a different location in boys

100
Q

cerebral palsy

A

impaired movement due to problems in extrapyramidal system

101
Q

s/s of cerebral palsy

A

stiff muscles, delayed milestones, affects posture, seizures

102
Q

nursing for cerebral palsy

A

PT/OT, speech therapy, mobility devices, *interact with child based on developmental level , safe environment with seizure precautions, upright after meals

103
Q

increased ICP

A

Macewen’s sign: cracked pot sound on head, setting sun sign: sclera shows above iris, increased head circumference, bump on fontanel

104
Q

nursing for increased ICP

A

patent airway, O2, no stress environment, seizure precautions, NPO, meds (Tylenol, anticonvulsants, osmotic diuretic, antibiotics), monitor for any drainage

105
Q

s/s of brainstem injury

A

high RR, high HR, unequal pupils

106
Q

nursing for autism

A

safe, consistent routine

107
Q

neural tube defects

A

neural tubes fail to close

108
Q

examples of neural tube defects

A

spina bifida, meningocele, myelomeningocele

109
Q

nursing for neural tube defects

A

dressing changes, neuro status, monitor ICP, monitor for infections, meds (antibiotics), prone position, prep for surgery

110
Q

hydrocephalus

A

increased CSF due to tumour

111
Q

s/s of hydrocephalus

A

same as increased ICP

Macewen’s sign: cracked pot sound on head, setting sun sign: sclera shows above iris, increased head circumference, bump on fontanel

112
Q

nursing for hydrocephalus

A

shunt to drain CSF accumulation

113
Q

dysplasia of the hip

A

femur not in proper place

114
Q

s/s of dysplasia of the hip

A

hard to move hip, shortening of limb on affected side, Ortolani click/hip click

115
Q

nursing for dysplasia of the hip

A

Pavlik harness

116
Q

s/s of measles

A

fever, 3 C’s (coughing, choking, cyanosis), *RASH ON FACE ONLY Koplik’s spots: spots before measles rash occur

117
Q

nursing for measles

A

droplet + contact, cool mist, meds (antipyretics)

118
Q

s/s of German measles

A

fever, *BODY RASH, rash on soft palate

119
Q

nursing for German measles

A

*AIRBONE + droplet + contact, meds (antipyretics)

120
Q

cause of measles

A

viral

121
Q

s/s of chickenpox

A

fever, rash on body,

122
Q

nursing for chickenpox

A

airbone + droplet + contact, acyclovir

123
Q

cause of chickenpox

A

viral

124
Q

pertussis/Whooping cough

A

whooping cough, high RR

125
Q

nursing for pertussis/Whooping cough

A

airbone + droplet + contact, reduce rritants, suction O2 with humidity

126
Q

do infants have maternal immunity to pertussis?

A

no

127
Q

honey with infants

A

not pt under 1 yr due to risk of botulism which causes muscle paralysis

128
Q

infant nutrition

A

B-6 months: only breastfeeding
4-6 months: solid food
*start with
1 year: cow’s milk

129
Q

how many days between food to check for allergies?

A

5-7 days

130
Q

when starting solid food, what to start out with?

A

iron fortified cereal

131
Q

immunizations

A

1 month: Hep B

2 months: polio, diphtheria + tetanus + acellular pertussis /DTAP, haemophilus influenzae
Type B/HiB, pneumococcal/PCV, rotavirus/RV

4 months: same as 2 months

6 months: polio, DTaP, HiB, PCV, RV, Hep B

12-15 months: HiB, PCV, MMR, Hep A

15-18 months: DTaP

18-33 months: Hep A

4-6 yrs: IPV, DTaP, MMR, chickenpox

11-12 yrs: MMR, TDAP (instead has acellular pertussis adolescent), meningococcal, HPV

nclex (17 decks)

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