peds Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
impetigo
A
bacterial infection of skin
2
Q
causes of impetigo
A
poor hygiene, infected bite, hot weather
3
Q
s/s of impetigo
A
itchy, burning, honey-coloured crusted lesion, pus
4
Q
nursing for impetigo
A
contact precautions, keep lesion open to air, daily clean, warm compress with saline to area, meds (antibiotics), hand hygiene
5
Q
s/s of lice
A
itchy scalp
6
Q
nursing for lice
A
meds (Pediculicide), fine tooth comb, daily clean, no sharing of items
7
Q
s/s of anemia
A
pale, weak
hypochromic (less red than normal) and microcytic (smaller than normal) RBC, low hemoglobin + hemocrit
8
Q
nursing for anemia
A
iron supplement
9
Q
what education for iron supplements?
A
side effects: constipation, dark stools
give with fruit juice for max absorption, avoid giving with milk or antacids as decreases absorption
10
Q
hemophilia
A
X linked recessive disorder that causes bleeding due to problems with factor involved in coagulation
11
Q
types of hemophilia
A
A and B
12
Q
hemophilia A
A
no Factor 8
13
Q
hemophilia B
A
no Factor 9
14
Q
s/s of hemophilia
A
bleeding, epistaxis/nosebleed, easy bruising
15
Q
nursing for hemophilia
A
monitor for bleeding, replace factor, assess LOC due to increased risk of of cranial hemorrhage, avoid contact sports
16
Q
Von Willebrand’s Disease
A
no von Willebrand factor causing bleeding of mucous membranes
17
Q
s/s of Von Willebrand’s Disease
A
nosebleed, bleeding and bruising of gums, more menstrual bleeding
18
Q
risks of vomiting
A
dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic alkalosis, aspiration pneumonia
19
Q
nursing for vomiting
A
NPO, IV fluids
20
Q
risks of diarrhea
A
dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic alkalosis
21
Q
nursing for constipation
A
high fiber, more fluids, meds (enema, stool softeners, laxatives)
22
Q
cleft lip/palate
A
due to failure of fusing of tissue or bone
23
Q
complications of cleft lip/palate
A
speech impairment, otitis media
24
Q
cleft lip repair
A
3-6 months
25
cleft palate repair
6-24 months
26
nursing for cleft lip/palate
assess ability to breathe, monitor I/O, daily weigh, milk should be directed to side/back of mouth, feed should be ESSR + small amounts, suction
27
ESSR
enlarge nipple, simulate sucking reflex, swallow, rest
28
esophageal atresia
food enters lungs due to problems with esophagus
29
s/s of esophageal atresia
3 C's (coughing, choking, cyanosis)
frothy saliva, high RR
30
nursing for esophageal atresia
NPO, IV fluids, suction, supine, meds (antibiotics) as aspiration pneumonia possible
31
Hirschsprung’s disease
no ganglion cells in rectum which means that muscles in rectum cannot move stool out
32
s/s of Hirschsprung’s disease
abdominal distention, constipation
33
s/s of Hirschsprung’s disease
monitor for enterocolitis, low fiber/high cal/high protein diet, meds (stool softeners), rectal irrigation, NPO, daily weights
34
enterocolitis
inflammation of GI tract
35
intussusception
block in GI tract
36
s/s of intussusception
bile stained vomit, jelly-like stool, distended abdomen, sausage shaped mass in RUQ
37
nursing for intussusception
monitor for perforation, NGT, meds (antibiotics), IV fluids
38
when intussusception cured?
pass normal stool
39
umbilical hernia
bowel protrudes through opening in abdominal wall
40
incarcerated hernia
*MEDICAL EMERGENCY, intestine trapped and stops blood supply
41
conjunctivitis
eye infection
42
causes of conjunctivitis
bacterial, viral
*BOTH VERY CONTAGIOUS
43
s/s of conjunctivitis
redness, edema, discharge, burning
44
nursing for conjunctivitis
hang hygiene, meds (antibiotics, eye drops), no sharing of items, no school until 24 hrs post antibiotics administration, no eye makeup
45
otitis media
infection in middle ear
46
causes of otitis media
after resp infection, children
47
how to prevent otitis media
feed infant upright, breast feed for 6 months, avoid smoking, immunizations
48
s/s of otitis media
fever, ear pain, crying, no appetite, head rolling side to side, pulling on ear, ear drainage, red tympanic membrane
49
pinna when giving meds for otitis media
under 3 years: pinna down
over 3 years: pinna up
50
epistaxis
nosebleed
51
nursing for epistaxis
do not lie pt down as risk of aspiration
52
epiglottitis
bacterial infection of epiglottis
*EMERGENCY as affects ability to breathe
53
s/s of epiglottitis
fever, red throat, painful swallowing, no cough, stridor, drooling, tripod position
54
nursing for epiglottis
patent airway, do not measure oral temp, NPO, do not leave child unattended, avoid supine position, meds (antibiotics, antipyretics), cool mist, *DO NOT TRY TO LOOK AT THROAT OR TAKE CULTURE AS CAN CAUSE SPASM THAT BLOCKS AIRWAY
55
tripod position
hunched over in chair
56
respiratory syncytial virus/RSV causes
affects ciliated cells so increased mucus production and causes respiratory infections
57
s/s of RSV
flu-like symptoms
58
nursing for RSV
contact precautions, patent airway, cool O2, suction, meds (antivirals, antipyretics), IV fluids
59
CF
no cure, autosomal recessive trait that causes thick secretions in lungs
60
s/s of CF
frothy stools, very high concentration of salt in sweat, SOB
61
nursing for CF
meds (antibiotics), chest physiotherapy, huff cough, bronchodilators, O2, high cal/protein/fat, monitor stools, pancreatic enzyme replacement within 30 min of eating, salt replacement
62
when can chest physiotherapy not be done?
after eating
63
risk of SIDS
prone sleep position, overheating, co-sleeping, mother who abused substances while pregnant, excessive sheets in bed, baby exposure to smoke
64
incidence of SIDS lower in
breastfed babies
65
atrial septal defect
opening between atria so oxygenated blood goes to right side of heart
66
s/s of atrial septal defect
low BP, high HR, pale
67
atrioventricular
| canal defect
seen in Down syndrome, incomplete fusion of endocarditis
68
s/s of atrioventricular
| canal defect
murmur,
| decreased CO
69
patent ductus
| arteriosus
shunt connecting aorta + pulmonary
| artery does not close
70
s/s of patent ductus
| arteriosus
murmur, decreased CO
71
prone position
how i sleep LOL
72
ventricular septal defect
open between left and right ventricles
73
s/s of ventricular septal defect
murmur
74
aortic stenosis
narrowing of aortic value affecting flow of blood from left ventricle to aorta causing LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
75
s/s of aortic stenosis
murmur, decreased CO, chest pain
76
coarction of aorta
narrowing near ductus arteriosus
77
s/s of coarction of aorta
bp higher systolic than diastolic, cool lower extremities, decreased CO,
78
pulmonary stenosis
narrowing at pulmonary artery causing RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
79
s/s of pulmonary stenosis
murmur, decreased CO, cyanosis at birth
80
complication of pulmonary stenosis
pulmonary atresia
81
Tetralogy of Fallot
baby's heart doesn't form correctly
82
s/s of Tetralogy of Fallot
murmur, clubbing, cyanosis at birth
83
tricuspid atresia
tricuspid valve does not develop causing unoxygenated and oxygenated blood
84
s/s of tricuspid atresia
clubbing, SOB
85
transposition of
| great arteries
two main arteries leaving the heart are reversed (pulmonary artery and aorta)
86
s/s of transposition of
| great arteries
cyanosis at birth, cardiomegaly
87
rheumatic fever
autoimmune disease affecting connective tissue of heart, CNS, etc.
88
s/s of rheumatic fever
chorea/involuntary movement of face, fever, carditis/inflammation of mitral valve, red lesions on trunk
89
nursing for rheumatic fever
meds (antibiotics, pain, anti-inflammatories), seizure precautions if chorea, ask about recent sore throat
90
complication of rheumatic fever
rheumatic heart disease
91
cause of rheumatic fever
untreated strep or scarlet fever
92
Kawasaki Disease
immune disease
93
complication of Kawasaki Disease
aneurysms
94
s/s of Kawasaki Disease
fever, red throat, cracked lips, peeling skin
95
nursing for Kawasaki Disease
monitor for fever, assess skin due to peeling, soft food diet, ROM exercises, meds (aspirin)
96
s/s of nephrotic syndrome
weight gain, edema, low urine output, hypertension
protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels
97
enuresis
pt cannot control bladder
98
crytorchidism
testes fail to descend into scrotum
99
epispadias + hypospadias
defect of the urethra where the tube not fully formed and urine comes out of a different location in boys
100
cerebral palsy
impaired movement due to problems in extrapyramidal system
101
s/s of cerebral palsy
stiff muscles, delayed milestones, affects posture, seizures
102
nursing for cerebral palsy
PT/OT, speech therapy, mobility devices, *interact with child based on developmental level , safe environment with seizure precautions, upright after meals
103
increased ICP
Macewen’s sign: cracked pot sound on head, setting sun sign: sclera shows above iris, increased head circumference, bump on fontanel
104
nursing for increased ICP
patent airway, O2, no stress environment, seizure precautions, NPO, meds (Tylenol, anticonvulsants, osmotic diuretic, antibiotics), monitor for any drainage
105
s/s of brainstem injury
high RR, high HR, unequal pupils
106
nursing for autism
safe, consistent routine
107
neural tube defects
neural tubes fail to close
108
examples of neural tube defects
spina bifida, meningocele, myelomeningocele
109
nursing for neural tube defects
dressing changes, neuro status, monitor ICP, monitor for infections, meds (antibiotics), prone position, prep for surgery
110
hydrocephalus
increased CSF due to tumour
111
s/s of hydrocephalus
same as increased ICP
Macewen’s sign: cracked pot sound on head, setting sun sign: sclera shows above iris, increased head circumference, bump on fontanel
112
nursing for hydrocephalus
shunt to drain CSF accumulation
113
dysplasia of the hip
femur not in proper place
114
s/s of dysplasia of the hip
hard to move hip, shortening of limb on affected side, Ortolani click/hip click
115
nursing for dysplasia of the hip
Pavlik harness
116
s/s of measles
fever, 3 C's (coughing, choking, cyanosis), *RASH ON FACE ONLY Koplik’s spots: spots before measles rash occur
117
nursing for measles
droplet + contact, cool mist, meds (antipyretics)
118
s/s of German measles
fever, *BODY RASH, rash on soft palate
119
nursing for German measles
*AIRBONE + droplet + contact, meds (antipyretics)
120
cause of measles
viral
121
s/s of chickenpox
fever, rash on body,
122
nursing for chickenpox
airbone + droplet + contact, acyclovir
123
cause of chickenpox
viral
124
pertussis/Whooping cough
whooping cough, high RR
125
nursing for pertussis/Whooping cough
airbone + droplet + contact, reduce rritants, suction O2 with humidity
126
do infants have maternal immunity to pertussis?
no
127
honey with infants
not pt under 1 yr due to risk of botulism which causes muscle paralysis
128
infant nutrition
B-6 months: only breastfeeding
4-6 months: solid food
*start with
1 year: cow’s milk
129
how many days between food to check for allergies?
5-7 days
130
when starting solid food, what to start out with?
iron fortified cereal
131
immunizations
1 month: Hep B
2 months: polio, diphtheria + tetanus + acellular pertussis /DTAP, haemophilus influenzae
Type B/HiB, pneumococcal/PCV, rotavirus/RV
4 months: same as 2 months
6 months: polio, DTaP, HiB, PCV, RV, Hep B
12-15 months: HiB, PCV, MMR, Hep A
15-18 months: DTaP
18-33 months: Hep A
4-6 yrs: IPV, DTaP, MMR, chickenpox
11-12 yrs: MMR, TDAP (instead has acellular pertussis adolescent), meningococcal, HPV
