immune system

Question 1

how is HIV spread?

Answer 1

blood to blood contact (e.g. sex, breast milk, needles)

Question 2

precautions for HIV

Answer 2

standard

Question 3

what is AIDS?

Answer 3

caused by HIV/human immunodeficiency virus that destroys T cells, causing higher risk of infection and cancer

Question 4

incubation period of HIV to turn into AIDS

Answer 4

10 years

Question 5

s/s of AIDS

Answer 5

leukopenia/low WBC, platelets, CD4

high CD8, IgG, IgA

recurring infections, Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 6

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Answer 6

caused by human herpesvirus 8/HHV causing cancer in lining of blood and lymph vessels

highest risk of this by those infected with HIV

Question 7

who is at risk for HIV?

Answer 7

unprotected sex, blood transfusions, needle-sticks for HCPs, babies born from mom with HIV, sharing needles for drugs

Question 8

nursing priority for AIDS

Answer 8

o2, monitor for infections, standard precautions, skin care

Question 9

what is anaphylaxis?

Answer 9

trigger causes release of histamine leading to hypersensitivity reaction

Question 10

s/s of anaphylaxis

Answer 10

SOB, wheezing/stridor, narrowing airway, hives, itching

Question 11

nursing priority for anaphylaxis

Answer 11

patent airway, O2, IV normal saline, meds (e.g. diphenhydramine/Benadryl and epinephrine)

Question 12

SLE/systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 12

immune system attacks itself

Question 13

s/s of SLE

Answer 13

rash, fever, weakness, joint pain

Question 14

nursing priority for SLE

Answer 14

skin care, oral care, high vitamin and iron diet, conserve energy, avoid direct sunlight exposure, meds (topical corticosteroids)

Question 15

scleroderma

Answer 15

no cure, ++ collagen production causing connective tissue problems

Question 16

s/s of scleroderma

Answer 16

pain, stiff muscles, contracture

Question 17

life-threatening complication of scleroderma

Answer 17

can cause renal crisis

because scleroderma causes hypertension, which narrows blood vessels going to kidney

Question 18

lyme disease

Answer 18

caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 19

who is at risk of lyme disease?

Answer 19

those who have tick bites

Question 20

s/s of lyme disease

Answer 20

rash that is ring-shaped, anywhere in body

Question 21

nursing priority for lyme disease

Answer 21

remove tick, meds (antibiotics), take precautions (e.g. pt avoids woody areas, long-sleeves and pants, tick repellent)

Question 22

IgA

Answer 22

protects against viruses

Question 23

IgE

Answer 23

protects against parasites and allergy

Question 24

IgG

Answer 24

makes secondary antibodies

Question 25

IgM

Answer 25

makes primary antibodies

Question 26

IgD

Answer 26

unknown function