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nclex > maternity > Flashcards

maternity Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

gestation

A

time from fertilization until birth of baby

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2
Q

Nagele’s rule

A

first day of last menstrual period - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year = estimate date of delivery

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3
Q

gravida

A

pregnant woman

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4
Q

gravidity

A

of pregnancies

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5
Q

nulligravida

A

woman who’s never been pregnant

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6
Q

primigravida

A

pregnant for first time

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7
Q

multigravida

A

2nd pregnancy or later

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8
Q

parity

A

of births past 20 weeks gestation

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9
Q

nullipara

A

not had birth past 20 weeks gestation

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10
Q

primipara

A

has had at least 1 birth past 20 weeks gestation

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11
Q

GTPAL

A

gravida, preterm births, abortions/miscarriages, current living children

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12
Q

pregnancy signs: presumptive

A

amenorrhea/no period, breast enlargement and tenderness, tired, N + V, quickening, ++ urinary frequency

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13
Q

quickening

A

first movement of fetus

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14
Q

pregnancy signs: probable

A

ballottement, Braxton Hicks contractions, Chadwick’s sign, Hegar’s sign, positive pregnancy test, abdominal and uterine enlargement

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15
Q

ballottement

A

fetal movement in response to tapping lower uterus

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16
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

light pink-deep violet vaginal wall colour

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17
Q

Hegar’s sign

A

softening of cervix

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18
Q

pregnancy signs: positive signs

A

fetal heartbeat. fetal movement. US findings

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19
Q

fundal height

A

used to measure gestational age of fetus in 2nd and 3rd trimester

fundal height (cm) = fetal age in wks +/- 2 cm

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20
Q

pregnancy changes: cardiovascular

A

heart displaced up,

increased blood volume, HR, BP, RBC

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21
Q

pregnancy changes: GI

A

displacement of intestines, N +V, hemorrhoids, constipation

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22
Q

pregnancy changes: endocrine

A

increased BMR, prolactin, estrogen, and cortisol levels

decreased insulin production

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23
Q

pregnancy changes: resp

A

compression of lungs, displacement of diaphragm, abdominal breathing, increased RR

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24
Q

pregnancy changes: IG

A

high sweating, pigmentation

stretch marks

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25
pregnancy changes: GU
dilated uterus, sodium retention increased renal function decreased bladder tone
26
why increased renal function?
increased urea and creatinine clearance
27
why folic acid?
neural tube defect
28
nonstress test
noninvasive test to measure fetal heart accelerations in response to fetal movement between 32-34 weeks gestation nonreactive result = non-normal (blood flow and oxygen to fetus is not adequate) reactive result = normal (blood flow and oxygen to fetus is adequate)
29
what to do with nonreactive result?
further testing is needed result may be due to sleep, maternal prescription drugs, etc.
30
stress test
triggers contractions and predicts how baby will react during labour fetal HR slows during contraction = positive result (fetus cannot tolerate contractions, further testing fetal HR does not slow during contraction = normal (fetus can tolerate contractions)
31
pregnancy visits
visit doctor every 4 weeks for first 28-32 weeks every 2 weeks from 32-36 weeks and every week from 36-40 weeks
32
stages of labour: first stage
true labour --> full 10 cm dilation of cervix 2-18 hours
33
stages of labour: second stage
full 10 cm dilation of cervix --> delivery of baby 40 minutes
34
stages of labour: third stage
delivery of placenta 5-30 minutes
35
stages of labour: fourth stage
maternal-neonatal bonding period 1-4 hours
36
what are the 3 phases of first stage of labour?
latent, active, and transitional phase
37
latent phase
0-3cm dilation of cervix, varying times of contractions
38
cervical effacement
thinning of cervix
39
active phase
4-7cm dilation of cervix, contractions 5-8 minutes apart, cervical effacement
40
transitional phase
8-10cm cervix dilated, 1-2 minute apart contractions that has 60-90 seconds each
41
types of presentation of baby
cephalic, breech, shoulder
42
cephalic presentation
head first
43
breech presentation
bottom first
44
which presentations of baby may require C section?
breech, shoulder
45
station of baby
descent in cm above or below midplane
46
types of station
0, minus, plus
47
0
at ischial spine
48
minus
above ischial spine
49
plus
below ischial spine
50
true labour
contractions that become stronger + longer + closer together cervical dilation + effacement descent of fetus
51
false labor
irregular contractions no dilation or effacement no descent of fetus
52
how to help false labour?
walking
53
preterm labour
after 20th week but before 37th week of gestation
54
use of Leopold’s Maneuver
determine presentation and position of baby through palpation
55
types of Leopold’s Maneuver
head, bottom, and back
56
nursing for abnormal fetal heart rate
change position of mother to L side, O2, stop Pitocin/synthetic oxytocin, increase IV fluids, VS of mother
57
fetal acceleration
brief increase in FHR for 15 seconds usually due to movement normal
58
early decelerations
decrease in FHR during contractions due to head compression normal
59
late decelerations
decrease in FHR after the contraction due to placental insufficiency NOT normal
60
variable decelerations
due to umbillical cord compression intervention needed if FHR is <70 bpm for more than 60 seconds
61
s/s of premature rupture of membranes
fluid pooling, + nitrazine test
62
nursing for premature rupture of membranes
monitor for infection, no vaginal exams, meds (antibiotics)
63
prolapsed umbilical cord
compression of cord that affects circulation to fetus
64
s/s of prolapsed umbilical cord
visible/palpable cord, slow FHR, variable decelerations
65
nursing priority of prolapsed umbilical cord
elevate fetus lying on cord, place mother into Trendelenburg/feet higher than head, O2, monitor FHR, IV fluids, prepare for birth
66
APGAR
*see phone pic
67
s/s of supine hypotension
motheris pale, cool, dizzy, high HR, low BP
68
nursing for supine hypotension
put pt on side
69
placenta previa
placenta low in uterus
70
s/s of placenta previa
bright red bleeding
71
nursing for placenta previa
US, no vaginal exam, lay pt on side, monitor bleeding, IV fluids, blood transfusions, C section
72
abruptio placentae
premature separation of placenta from wall
73
s/s of abruptio placentae
dark red bleeding, pain
74
nursing for abruptio placentae
place mother into Trendelenburg/feet higher than head, monitor bleeding, O2, IV fluids, blood transfusions, ASAP DELIVERY
75
lochia
discharge after birth
76
scant lochia
<2.5cm in 1 hour
77
light lochia
<10cm in 1 hour
78
moderate lochia
<15cm in 1 hour
79
heavy lochia
saturated pad in 1 hour
80
excessive lochia
saturated pad in 15 mins
81
PP day and type of lochia
rubra: red, PP day 1-3 serosa: pink PP day 4-10 alba: white, PP day 11-14

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