msk system

Question 1

strain

Answer 1

muscle gets stretched

Question 2

nursing for strain

Answer 2

cold/heat application, exercise, meds (pain)

Question 3

sprain

Answer 3

stretching of ligament

Question 4

nursing for sprain

Answer 4

rest, ice, elevation, cast

Question 5

simple fracture

Answer 5

skin over fracture is intact

Question 6

open fracture

Answer 6

skin over fracture is not intact and bone is exposed

Question 7

complete fracture

Answer 7

bone is broken into 2 parts

Question 8

compression fracture

Answer 8

bone is compressed by other bone

Question 9

greenstick fracture

Answer 9

one side of bone broken, other side broken

Question 10

impacted bone fracture

Answer 10

one bone into another bone

Question 11

incomplete fracture

Answer 11

crack in bone

Question 12

oblique fracture

Answer 12

break is on an angle

Question 13

tranverse fracture

Answer 13

break is straight across bone

Question 14

pathological fracture

Answer 14

break in bone due to disease

Question 15

treatment for fractures

Answer 15

cast, Buck’s traction, open or closed reduction, internal or external fixation

Question 16

Buck’s Traction

Answer 16

proper alignment of bone

Question 17

nursing for Buck’s Traction

Answer 17

instruct pt not to do heavy lifting, ensure proper alignment, elevate foot of bed

Question 18

open reduction

Answer 18

surgery to put bone back together

Question 19

closed reduction

Answer 19

put bone back together without surgery to allow to grow back naturally

Question 20

complications of fractures

Answer 20

emboli, compartment syndrome, infection, avascular necrosis

Question 21

nursing for fractures

Answer 21

immobilize, monitor NV

Question 22

nursing for casts

Answer 22

keep elevate, allow up to 3 days for cast to dry, don’t use heat on cast, monitor for infection, keep clean, turn affected area to allow air circulation

Question 23

nursing for crutches

Answer 23

when ambulating put pressure on affected side, if numbness in upper extremities do not ambulate

Question 24

compartment syndrome

Answer 24

pressure increases in an area and can cause damage to muscle

Question 25

s/s of compartment syndrome

Answer 25

5 P's: pain, pale, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis

Question 26

nursing for compartment syndrome

Answer 26

notify doctor as irreversible after 4-6 hours, fasciotomy to relieve pressure build-up, loosen cast

Question 27

fat embolism

Answer 27

can occur after fracture

Question 28

what bone more likely to have complication of fat embolism?

Answer 28

long bone

Question 29

s/s of fat embolism

Answer 29

SOB, change in LOC, low BP, high HR

Question 30

nursing for fat embolism

Answer 30

O2, IV fluids, monitor resp

Question 31

avascular necrosis

Answer 31

when fracture disrupts blood flow to bone leading to death of bone

Question 32

gout

Answer 32

urate crystals in joints

Question 33

cause of gout

Answer 33

high uric acid in body

Question 34

s/s of gout

Answer 34

pain, hardness at area,

Question 35

nursing for gout

Answer 35

low purine diet, high fluid intake, no alcohol, heat/cold application for pain

Question 36

low purine diet

Answer 36

no organ meats, no wine, no cheese

Question 37

risk for osteoporosis

Answer 37

smoking, earlier menopause, alcohol use, family history, female, higher age, low calcium intake, sedentery life, small frame, race of white or asian

Question 38

nursing for amputation

Answer 38

monitor bleeding, client education about phantom limb pain, do not elevate amputated on pillow, elevate foot of bed to reduce edema for first 24 hours and then after keep flat to avoid contracture

Question 39

nursing for hip surgery post op

Answer 39

monitor for hemorrhage, avoid weight bearing or too much activity on that hip, monitor NV status of side of hip

Question 40

RA

Answer 40

chronic inflammation which destroys connective tissue

Question 41

nursing for RA

Answer 41

rheumatoid factor blood test to diagnose, exercise, avoid weight bearing on that area, PT/OT,

Question 42

OA

Answer 42

deterioration of articular cartilage in peripheral and axial joints

Question 43

s/s of OA

Answer 43

pain increases with activity, increases when temperature changes, Heberden's nodes: bumps on joint closest to fingernail, Bouchard’s node: bumps on middle joint

Question 44

nursing for OA

Answer 44

meds (pain, corticosteroid), cold application,

Question 45

fall prevention

Answer 45

orient to room, teach how to use call bell, keep bed in lowest position, raise 3 of 4 side rails, lock wheels on all equipment, keep floor dry, wear slip resistant footwear, stay with pt during shower

Question 46

deep tendon reflexes

Answer 46

``` 0 = no response 1+ = diminished 2+ = active/normal 3+ = slightly hyperactive 4+ = hyperactive ```

Question 47

ambulating with cane on stairs

Answer 47

going up stairs: strong leg --> cane --> weak leg going down stairs: cane --> weak leg --> strong leg *cane always before weak leg