Cardiac Histology

Question 1

Layers of heart wall

Answer 1

Epicardium, myocardium, Endocardium
Epicardium; Very thick, mesothelial cells
Myocardium: The thickest, principal cardiac muscle layer
Endocardium: several layers, a very deep subendocardial layers that house purkinjee fibers

Question 2

Heart valves made of what?

Answer 2

CT with overlying endocardium

Question 3

Define systemic circulation

Answer 3

From Heart to arteries, to capillaries, to venules, veins, and back to heart.
Out and Back

Question 4

What is a portal system

Answer 4

A vein or arteriole which provides transportation between two capillary beds.

Question 5

Name the two portal systems

Answer 5

Hepatic, hypothalmic-hypophyseal

Question 6

Walls of arteries and veins consist of three layers called

Answer 6

Tunics

Question 7

What are the three layers of arteries and veins

Answer 7

Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia

Question 8

The tunica adventitia consists of what

Answer 8

Its own set of vessels known as vasa vasorum

Question 9

What are nervi vasworum?

Answer 9

A network of autonomic nerves that control vessel diameter. They are responsible for the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles in the tunica media

Question 10

Contraction leads to an increase in vascular resistance which leads to an increase in

Answer 10

Blood pressure

Question 11

Endothelial cells are the innermost layer of what?

Answer 11

Tunica intima

Question 12

Smooth muscle cells in vessels are located where?

Answer 12

Tunica Media

Question 13

Three categories of arteries

Answer 13

Large, medium, small duh

Question 14

Large arteries are also called

Answer 14

Elastic arteries….ex: aorta

Question 15

During diastole, the elastic recoil of large arteries assists in the management of blood pressure.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Medium artery also known as muscular artery

Answer 16

true

Question 17

What are arterioles

Answer 17

Small arteries

Question 18

How many layers of smooth muscle in arteriolar tunic media

Answer 18

1-5

Question 19

How many layers of smooth muscle in medium artery?

Answer 19

more than 5

Question 20

Three types of capillaries

Answer 20

continuous, fenestrated, and discontinuous

Question 21

Capillaries consist of:

Answer 21

One layer endothelium and one basal lamina

Question 22

Where are continuous capillaries found?

Answer 22

muscle, lung, CNS

Question 23

Fenestrated capillaries are where?

Answer 23

Glands

Question 24

Discontinuous capillaries also called?

Answer 24

Sinusoids

Question 25

Found where?

Answer 25

Liver, Spleen, Bone marrow

Question 26

Discontinuous capillaries are irregular in shape, have gaps between endothelial cells.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

three categories of veins

Answer 27

venules, small medium veins, large veins

Question 28

Histamine and serotonin work predominantly where?

Answer 28

Postcapillary venules

Question 29

Muscular venules are located where

Answer 29

Distal to postcapillary venules

Question 30

What is the major difference between a medium sized artery and a medium sized vein?

Answer 30

Medium sized artery has a much wider tunica media. Makes sense, more muscle

Question 31

Large vein and artery comparison

Answer 31

Wall thickness of vein is considerably less than artery but the luminal space of the vein may be larger

Question 32

Think or arterioles and venules being at different ends of capillary beds

Answer 32

true

Question 33

AV Shunt

Answer 33

Arteriole/venule shunt

Question 34

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 34

Fluid from tissue to blood

Question 35

Lymphatic vessels end up as two large trunks which are

Answer 35

Right Lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Question 36

Purkinjee fibers are located where?

Answer 36

Endocardium

Question 37

Whats one way to tell a large artery from a medium artery if you dont know what muscle or elastic fiber looks like?

Answer 37

The size of the tunica media compared to the tunica adventitia. In the Medium artery, they are both relatively the same size. In the Large artery though, the media is a good deal thicker than the adventitia.