Hemodynamic Disorders 1

Question 1

Normal Left ventricular end diastolic volume

Answer 1

150ml

Question 2

Normal LV end systolic volume

Answer 2

50ml

Question 3

Normal stroke volume

Answer 3

100ml

Question 4

Normal ejection fraction

Answer 4

67%

Question 5

Normal left ventricular end diastolic pressure

Answer 5

10mm hg

Question 6

Normal left ventricular systolic pressure

Answer 6

130 mmhg

Question 7

Normal Right atrial pressure

Answer 7

3 mm Hg

Question 8

Right ventricular systolic pressure

Answer 8

25 mm Hg

Question 9

Left atrial pressure

Answer 9

8 mm Hg

Question 10

Preload

Answer 10

The ventricular wall tension at the end of diastole

Question 11

Afterload

Answer 11

the resistance the ventricles must overcome when pushing their contents out

Question 12

Compliance

Answer 12

Stiffness of the ventricle wall

Question 13

Diastolic dysfunction is

Answer 13

Impaired cardiac filling

Question 14

Systolic dysfunction is

Answer 14

Impaired contractility or decreased afterload.

Question 15

Does diastolic dysfunction reduce the ejection fraction

Answer 15

typically not

Question 16

The five major categories of the factors determining the hearts function as a pump are

Answer 16

preload,, afterload, contractility, compliance, heart rhythm

Question 17

Greatest risk of heart failure

Answer 17

Coronary artery disease

Question 18

Ischemic cardiomyopathy

Answer 18

Multiple old myocardial infarcts…big cause of chronic heart failure

Question 19

Hypertension causes heart failure how?

Answer 19

causing excessive afterload

Question 20

Heart failure due to stenosis, hypertension, or coronary artery disease typically does what to the ejection fraction

Answer 20

lowers it

Question 21

Most common symptom of heart failure

Answer 21

dyspnea

Question 22

how does heart fialure lead to dyspnea

Answer 22

pulmonary venous return is backed up and causes increased pressure in the pulmonary veins. When this pulmonary pressure gets over 20, a transudate of fluid passes into the interstitium and compresses the bronchioles and alveoli. Increaes the resistance to airflow and the work of breathing.

Question 23

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 23

increased venous return from the lower body increases preload and causes dyspnea

Question 24

Orthopnea

Answer 24

pretty simple

Question 25

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea are the two most specific symptoms of heart failure, dyspnea and fatigue are the most common.

Answer 25

truth

Question 26

signs

Answer 26

tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, pulmonary crackles, pulmonary wheezing, diaphoresis, gallops

Question 27

Pulmonary crackles are heard when

Answer 27

WHen pulmonary venous pressure goes over 25 and you get transudate into the interstitium and airspace. crackles are the attributed to the opening of small airways during inspiration

Question 28

The degree of pulmonary edema roughly correlates with how far up the crackles are heard

Answer 28

truth

Question 29

Hypertensive heart disease effect on left ventricle

Answer 29

hypertensive heart disease causes increased afterload which means the left ventricle has to contract harder to get the volume out. Left ventricular hypertrophy occurs in order to help the heart compensate.

Question 30

B-type natriuretic peptide

Answer 30

a good marker for heart failure. Levels will be high

Question 31

A good test to help you differentiate pulmonary edema due to lung disease from edema due to lung disease

Answer 31

BNP

Question 32

hypertensive heart disease sound

Answer 32

S4 gallop

Question 33

The four profiles of acute heart failure

Answer 33

Profile A -warm and dry
Profile B- Warm and wet
Profile C- Cold and wet-
Profile L- Cold and dry

Question 34

Profile A

Answer 34

transient myocardial ischemia or heart failure from lung disease.

Question 35

Cold and dry

Answer 35

Often hypovolemi

Question 36

One diagnostic criteria to differentiate hypovolemic shock from acute heart failure

Answer 36

Central Venous pressure:

It will be low in hypovolemia and usually high if the patient is having heart fialure